MS Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes Exam Elaboration with 100% Correct Answers

MS Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes Exam Elaboration with 100% Correct Answers 1. A nurse assesses that a patient's urine has become much more concentrated. What is the most likely cause for the change? a. Adrenaline b. Aldosterone c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) d. Insulin *Ans* ANS: B Aldosterone Aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules, affecting water retention and its attendant urine concentration. 2. When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal, what assessment finding should a nurse anticipate? a. More concentrated urine b. Less concentrated urine c. More alkaline urine d. Less alkaline urine *Ans* ANS: A More concentrated urine When more water is kept back in the body, the water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more concentrated. 3. What process occurs when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries? a. Active transport b. Diffusion c. Filtration d. Osmosis *Ans* ANS: B Diffusion Diffusion is the movement from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. 4. A patient's intravenous (IV) injection has been infusing at a very high rate. What assessment indicates fluid volume overload in this patient? a. Hypotension b. Tachycardia c. Pulmonary edema d. Kidney failure *Ans* ANS: C Pulmonary edema