NSCI 111 Final Exam Material || with 100% Errorless Answers.

Describe a DALY correct answers disability adjusted life years (DALY) are used to measure disease burden Past theories of neuropsychiatric disorders correct answers - Mental disorders were thought of as demonic, cursed, or blessed by the Gods - culture dependent (faked for attention / sexual desires) - Imbalance of the four humors How are disorders diagnosed? correct answers - Using the DSM-V - Neuropsychological testing - Biomarkers - Exclusion of other disorder may lead to a final chosen one How is etiology studied? correct answers - Study the environment - Study the pathology - Study the genetics Modern theories of Neuropsychiatric disorders correct answers Multiple Hit Hypothesis -- (Genetic predisposition +Environmental insults + Exposure to trauma) What are some examples of dysfunctional circuits? correct answers - Neurotransmitter dysfunction/imbalance - Neurocircuitry dysregulation - Structural abnormalities How is schizophrenia diagnosed and seen? correct answers Multiple genes are involved which makes it hard to track but enlarged ventricles are a key symptom of schizophrenia Describe the process to finding treatments? correct answers - Identify genes associated with disorder - Elucidate the role of the gene or system in the pathophysiology of the disease - Identify targets for drug development - Treat specific individuals with related genetic mutations Describe construct validity correct answers Similar etiology (transgenic mouse with mutation that is associated with the human condition) Face validity correct answers The model 'looks like' the disorder (mouse model of autism spectrum disorder shows lower social approach) Predictive Validity correct answers Predictive validity (rats given anti-depressant drugs decrease time spent immobile in forced swim test)