AECN 357 Exam 4 Questions With 100% Correct!!

HR2454 cow tax to reduce GHG emissions from ag - Answer-False HR2454 would have largely exempted ag from GHG regulations - Answer-true under HR2454, farmers might be able to sell carbon credits to power plants, etc. - Answer-False Over 40% US GHG from petroleum (cars) - Answer-true over 30% US GHG from coal (electricity) - Answer-true in 2007 congress voted to increase fuel efficiency to 35 mpg by 2020 - Answer-true HR2454 said 6% electricity from renewable sources by 2012, 25% by 2025 - Answer-true cap and trade - Answer-limit emissions from facilities that emit 85% total US GHG. Emissions from regulated facilities could buy/sell emission allowances 2 sources of renewable energy - Answer-wind/solar for many years the US has led the world in ghg emissions - Answer-true the US has recently been overtaken by china as the largest producer of ghgs - Answer-true currently the us with 5% of global population generates approximately 25% of global ghg emissions - Answer-true the us has been a leader in implementing the provisions of the kyoto climate change treaty - Answerfalsecoal is the dirtiest fuel, followed by petroleum and then natural gas - Answer-false. petroleum, coal, natural gas a carbon tax is a tax on energy sources (fuel) varied by the carbon content of the fuel - Answer-true both DCs and LDCs are subject to ghg emission caps under the kyoto protocol - Answer-false the lack of a ldc ghg emission cap under kyoto protocol is a major reason why the US did not participate in the kyoto protoco's implementation - Answer-true the minnesota rps requirements have led minnesota utilities to develop wind farms in Nebraska - Answer-true the nebraska rps requirements is 20% of the electricity supplied by ne utilities must be generated by state approved renewable energy facilities by 2025 - Answer-false, we dont have RPS requirements the next global warming treaty is likely to have ghg emission limits for both ldcs and dcs although dc emission limits will likely be stricter than those for LDCs - Answer-true the 2007 federal energy act establishes motor vehicle fuel efficiency requirements of 35 mpg by 2020 - Answer-true wit climate tariffs, countries who complied with international global warmig standards could impose climate tariffs on goods from countries or production facilities that violated international global warming standards - Answer-true GHG - Answer-greenhouse gas CO2 - Answer-carbon dioxideRPS - Answer-renewable portfolio standards: encourage electricity generators to obtain electricity from cleaner sources including wind and solar CDM - Answer-UN's Clean Development Mechanism in LDCs carbon tax - Answer-tax on fuels intended to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide net metering - Answer-electricity customers being able to sell power back to the grid. Have power to sell when they generate electricity from wind/solar generating. carbon sequestration - Answer-natural/artificial process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid/liquid form climate tariffs - Answer-putting a tariff on a countries goods if they are not in compliance with int'l global warming requirements advantage and disadvantage of a carbon tax as a method for controlling ghg emissions - Answer-make consumers do the right thing by decreasing use of dirty tech (coal, gas and energy conservation). associate carbon tax with higher gas prices, electricity bills, etc. Vote against those who vote in favor of the tax. advantage: Taxes a bad rather than a good (like income). Carbon taxes have been suggested as a way to internalise the negative externality of carbon emissions. This means that consumers/producers will pay the full social cost of consumption. disadvantage: It can be difficult to measure how much carbon is produced, and therefore difficult to know what level of carbon tax to charge. describe how the CDM sought to promote clean energy projects - Answer-developed countries firms could get carbon credits by helping pay for a solar/wind farm in an LDC (just an example). DC firms would get credits that would count against their GHG emissions and the LDC would get a source of clean energy.Free trade and environmental protection have equal weight legally under GATT and NAFTA - Answerfalse a significant degree of international agreement has been achieved regarding ozone depletion - Answertrue US labor groups done like free trade because it can lead to a loss of US blue collar jobs - Answer-true us labor groups don't like free trade because LDCs may have lower labor costs because LDC workers receive low pay, have no health benefits, no pension, and little workplace safety protection - Answertrue the next generation of international trade agreements may establish fair labor practices, better pay, better benefits, workplace safety, better child labor restrictions - Answer-true free trade can help DCs by allowing them to import inexpensive LDC exports - Answer-true Free trade can help LDCs by creating industrial jobs producing goods that LDCs export to DCs - Answertrue Free trade can hurt DC blue collar workers whose unskilled jobs are in effect exported to LDCs - Answertrue Free trade can lead to more industrial pollution in LDCs as they increase exports to DCs - Answer-true The next generation of international trade agreements may establish minimum environmental protection standards such as ISO 14000, the violation of which can lead to trade sanctions such as tariffs or embargoes - Answer-true the next generation of international trade agreements may establish minimum fair labor standards, the violation of which can lead to trade sanctions, such as tariffs or embargoes - Answer-trueenvironmental groups don't like free trade because goods imported from LDCs may cause more pollution than if the goods had been produced in the US - Answer-true DC - Answer-developed country (US) LDC - Answer-less developed country (China, Mexico) ISO 14000 - Answer-International Organization for Standardization series 14000 corporate environmental management practices are a series of voluntary environmental management practices for international trade businesses. It has emerged as a widely accepted international standard for environmental business pollution control practices: air emissions, water emissions, hazmat disposal etc. It is a voluntary program but is likely to become the de facto international standard for multi-national corporations. In the long run it will establish the min accepted international standards for pollution control and will likely be adopted by LDCs or perhaps in future trade treaties. take-back requirements - Answer-Recycling requirements: grocer, etc. must take back empty bottles, cans, etc. for recycling. eco-labeling - Answer-standards to designate products as environmentally safe/friendly eco-taxes - Answer-tax the use of environmentally unfriendly materials and use those taxes to fund recycling programs tariffs - Answer-tax/duty to be paid on a particular class of imports/exports embargoes - Answer-official ban on trade or other commercial activity w/ a particul