,INHOUD
Bouw van de cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Celonderdelen ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Celmembraan ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Celwand ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Celkern ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Ribosomen .................................................................................................................................................................. 9
R.E.R (=ruw endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
S.E.R (=glad endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
Golgi-apparaat .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Lysosoom .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Vacuole ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Mitochondriën .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Cytoskelet ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Centriool ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pastiden .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Type cel herkennen ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Microscopen ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Lichtmicroscoop ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Elektronenmicroscoop .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Stoffen in de cel ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Moleculen in de cel ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Water ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Eiwitten (=proteïnen)................................................................................................................................................ 17
Sachariden (=koolhydraten, suikers) ........................................................................................................................ 18
Lipiden (=vetten)....................................................................................................................................................... 20
Mineralen ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Nucleïnezuren ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
ATP, NAD(P)H en FAD ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Werking .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Functie vb ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 24
Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Celmetabolisme ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Celmetabolisme ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
pag. 1
, Katabolisme (dissimilatie) ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Anabolisme (assimilatie) ........................................................................................................................................... 26
Stofuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Passief transport ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Actief transport ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Energieomzettingen in de cel ........................................................................................................................................... 30
Fotosynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Reactievergelijking .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Lichtreactie ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Donkerreactie ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 33
Celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Anaërobe celademhaling (zonder zuurstof) ............................................................................................................. 34
Aërobe celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 38
Verband celademhaling en fotosynthese ..................................................................................................................... 38
Erfelijke informatie in de cel ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Begrippen...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Nucleotide: ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromatine ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromatide ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromosoom ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Exons ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Introns....................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Restrictie-enzymen ................................................................................................................................................... 39
Vector ....................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Markeergenen definitie 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Markeergenen definitie 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Suiker ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Chemische structuur nucleÏnezuren (DNA en RNA) ..................................................................................................... 40
Soort moleculen........................................................................................................................................................ 40
Plaats moleculen ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
Oriëntatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42
RNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Vergelijking tabel dna en rna ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Eiwitsynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 44
pag. 2
, Transcriptie ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
Translatie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................ 47
tRNA .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Proces ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Genexpressie ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Genmutatie ................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Genoverdracht .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
Natuurlijke genoverdracht ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Kunstmatige genoverdracht ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Context ......................................................................................................................................................................... 51
De delende cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
Celcyclus ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Interfase .................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Schematische voorstelling ........................................................................................................................................ 53
Factoren die de celdeling beÏnvloeden ......................................................................................................................... 53
De celcyclus en de levenscyclus van een organisme .................................................................................................... 54
DNA-replicatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Noodzaak .................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Situering in de celcyclus ............................................................................................................................................ 54
Verloop ..................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-helicase .......................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-polymerase .................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-ligase .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Chromosonen ............................................................................................................................................................... 56
Kerndelingen ................................................................................................................................................................. 56
Mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Meiose ...................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Vergelijking ................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Homeostase en immuniteit .............................................................................................................................................. 63
Homeostase .................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Thermoregulatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
Vochtregulatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Immuniteit .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
pag. 3
Bouw van de cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Celonderdelen ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Celmembraan ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Celwand ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Celkern ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Ribosomen .................................................................................................................................................................. 9
R.E.R (=ruw endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
S.E.R (=glad endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
Golgi-apparaat .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Lysosoom .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Vacuole ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Mitochondriën .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Cytoskelet ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Centriool ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pastiden .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Type cel herkennen ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Microscopen ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Lichtmicroscoop ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Elektronenmicroscoop .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Stoffen in de cel ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Moleculen in de cel ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Water ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Eiwitten (=proteïnen)................................................................................................................................................ 17
Sachariden (=koolhydraten, suikers) ........................................................................................................................ 18
Lipiden (=vetten)....................................................................................................................................................... 20
Mineralen ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Nucleïnezuren ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
ATP, NAD(P)H en FAD ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Werking .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Functie vb ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 24
Toepassingen ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Celmetabolisme ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Celmetabolisme ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
pag. 1
, Katabolisme (dissimilatie) ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Anabolisme (assimilatie) ........................................................................................................................................... 26
Stofuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Passief transport ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Actief transport ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Energieomzettingen in de cel ........................................................................................................................................... 30
Fotosynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Reactievergelijking .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Lichtreactie ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Donkerreactie ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 33
Celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Anaërobe celademhaling (zonder zuurstof) ............................................................................................................. 34
Aërobe celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 38
Verband celademhaling en fotosynthese ..................................................................................................................... 38
Erfelijke informatie in de cel ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Begrippen...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Nucleotide: ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromatine ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromatide ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chromosoom ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Exons ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Introns....................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Restrictie-enzymen ................................................................................................................................................... 39
Vector ....................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Markeergenen definitie 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Markeergenen definitie 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Suiker ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Chemische structuur nucleÏnezuren (DNA en RNA) ..................................................................................................... 40
Soort moleculen........................................................................................................................................................ 40
Plaats moleculen ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
Oriëntatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42
RNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Vergelijking tabel dna en rna ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Eiwitsynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 44
pag. 2
, Transcriptie ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
Translatie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................ 47
tRNA .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Proces ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Genexpressie ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Genmutatie ................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Genoverdracht .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
Natuurlijke genoverdracht ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Kunstmatige genoverdracht ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Context ......................................................................................................................................................................... 51
De delende cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
Celcyclus ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Interfase .................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Schematische voorstelling ........................................................................................................................................ 53
Factoren die de celdeling beÏnvloeden ......................................................................................................................... 53
De celcyclus en de levenscyclus van een organisme .................................................................................................... 54
DNA-replicatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Noodzaak .................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Situering in de celcyclus ............................................................................................................................................ 54
Verloop ..................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-helicase .......................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-polymerase .................................................................................................................................................... 55
DNA-ligase .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Chromosonen ............................................................................................................................................................... 56
Kerndelingen ................................................................................................................................................................. 56
Mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Meiose ...................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Vergelijking ................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Homeostase en immuniteit .............................................................................................................................................. 63
Homeostase .................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Thermoregulatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
Vochtregulatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Immuniteit .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
pag. 3
