TEST BANK for Microbiology An Evolving Science, 3rd Edition, John Foster & Joan Slonczewski

CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discover y Test Bank: Microbiology An Evolving Science, 3rd Edition, John Foster & Joan Slonczewski MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Viruses are: a. infectious agents that infect multi -cellular organisms b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus particles c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B MSC: Remembering 2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals: a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B MSC: Remembering 3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells? a. viruses d. protists b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi c. archaea ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i MSC: Remembering 4. A microbe is commonly defined as: a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen c. a single -cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii MSC: Remembering 5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true? a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to environmental change. MEDCONNOISSEUR b. Most single -celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes. c. Microbes function as individual entities. d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages. e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii MSC: Remembering 6. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA. b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix nitrogen. c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely related they are. d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method. e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae . ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B MSC: Remembering 7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of: a. humans d. prions b. bacteria e. fungi c. viruses ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B.i MSC: Remembering 8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT: a. ferrous iron d. oxygen b. methane e. hydrogen gas c. ammonia ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Special Topic 1.1 TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering 9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of: a. archaea d. ribozymes b. prions e. endosymbionts c. bacteria ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1 TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering 10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms? a. archaea d. cyanobacteria b. photosynthetic algae e. protists c. viruses ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1 TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering 11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by: a. DNA d. amino acids b. RNA e. carbohydrates MEDCONNOISSEUR c. protein ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1 TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering 12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality? a. cardiovascular disease d. microbial disease b. cancer e. strokes c. accidents ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A MSC: Remembering 13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology? a. the seventeenth d. the twentieth b. the eighteenth e. the twenty -first c. the nineteenth ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A MSC: Remembering 14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT: a. tuberculosis d. smallpox b. polio e. AIDS c. leprosy ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i MSC: Remembering 15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population? a. tuberculosis d. HIV b. leprosy e. bubonic plague c. smallpox ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i MSC: Remembering 16. Nightingale: a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known today as chemotherapy e. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii MSC: Remembering 17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics? a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming c. Edward Jenner ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii MSC: Remembering MEDCONNOISSEUR 18. The first person to visualize individual microbes was: a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek d. Lady Montagu b. Robert Hooke e. Edward Jenner c. Louis Pasteur ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii MSC: Remembering 19. Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells? a. Gram stain d. DNA sequencing b. electron microscopy e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) c. X-ray diffraction ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii MSC: Remembering 20. How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes? a. boiling d. autoclaving b. pasteurization e. irradiation c. filter sterilization ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.iii.a MSC: Remembering 21. Microbes can shape human history via: a. lithotrophic activities d. production of cheese b. production of alcoholic beverages e. all of the above c. diseases that they cause ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A MSC: Understanding 22. Suppose Pasteur’s swan -necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling. Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting spontaneous generation? a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled. b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth cooled. c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms. d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling. e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.ii.b MSC: Applying 23. Robert Koch’s greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with: a. Escherichia coli d. rabies b. Bacillus subtilis e. smallpox c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.i MSC: Remembering 24. The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by: a. Robert Koch d. Louis Pasteur b. Ignaz Semmelweis e. Richard Petri MEDCONNOISSEUR