Patho Test #1: Practice questions With 100% Verified And Correct Answers.

Describe the physiologic responses of catecholamines in response to stress. Be able to apply to patient situations. - correct answer Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine released from adrenal medulla) increase heart rate. Describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome and the physiologic changes that occur in each stage. Give examples of acute versus chronic stress. - correct answer GAS: a predictable way that the body will respond to stress (Hans Style). Stages: three 1) Alarm: "Fight-or-Flight." (Sympathetic nervous system) 2) Resistance: parasympathetic nervous system, attempts to return many physiological functions to normal levels. Remains on alert. 3) Exhaustion: stressor continues beyond body's capacity A 46 year old man notices an odd mole on his shoulder. After a biopsy, the tissue showed signs of malignancy due to different type cells than normal epithelial cells. What is this an example of? - correct answer Neoplasia (the formation or growth of a new abnormal growth or tissue)-- can be benign or malignant Due to a kidney stone trapped in the left ureter, the left kidney was not able to function. Because of this, the right kidney increased in size to pick up the slack from the left kidney. This is an example of what? - correct answer Pathologic Hypertrophy A 52 year old runner, notices a bunion on her right and left big toe. What example of cellular adaptation is this? - correct answer Physiologic hyperplasia A 7 year old boy is getting his cast off of his left arm. He notices that his right arm looks bigger than his left, although his right arm has not gotten any bigger. What is he noticing? - correct answer Physiologic Atrophy The disorganized growth of cells is known as what? - correct answer Dysplasia Emily is on the bus and notices a man with a terrible smokers cough. Because Emily is a nursing student, she knows that that smoking habit can lead to cellular adaptation of the ciliated columnar epithelium, to squamous epithelium. What is this an example of? - correct answer Pathologic Metaplasia Name and discuss the most common cause of cellular injury. - correct answer Hypoxia Differentiate cell death associated with apoptosis and necrosis. - correct answer Apoptosis: highly selective cell death Necrosis: death of body tissue. Occurs when there is not enough blood flowing through the tissue (from injury, radiation, or chemical). Necrosis is not reversible. Which immunoglobulin is transferred from the mother to the fetus and is the highest percentage of Ig in the body? - correct answer IgG Site where foreign material is removed from lymph fluid before it returns to the bloodstream. - correct answer Lymph Node A patient is infected with the HIV virus. During the course of the infection, when does seroconversion first occur? - correct answer within the first several weeks of exposure. *Seroconversion is the period of time during which HIV antibodies develop and become detectable. Seroconversion generally takes place within a few weeks of initial infection. It is often, but not always, accompanied by flu-like symptoms including fever, rash, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes. Which substance/s is/are considered antigens? (Select all that apply.) - correct answer insect venom pollen bacteria Identify the substance that is foreign to the host a