1430 final exam blueprint || Questions with complete solutions

1. Sleep deprivation correct answers Sleep deprivation refers to a decrease in the amount, consistency, or quality of sleep. It may result from decreased REM sleep or NREM sleep. Total sleep deprivation is rarely seen, other than in experimental settings. There are many causes, and the manifestations progress from irritability and impaired mental abilities to a total disintegration of personality. In general, the effects of sleep deprivation become increasingly apparent after 30 hours of continual wakefulness. Partial sleep deprivation may result in loss of concentration, inattention, and impaired information processing, and poses serious safety risks. Excessive daytime sleepiness, a form of partial sleep deprivation, impairs performance at times when people need to be alert. The strange environment of the hospital, physical discomfort and pain, the effects of medications, and the need for 24-hour nursing care may also contribute to sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients. It is unclear whether irreversible damage to body tissue results from prolonged or chronic sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, recent research has indicated the possibility of a causal relationship between sleep deprivation and obesity, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. However, sleep deprivation clearly produces changes in physical and mental functioning, supporting the belief that sleep is essential for well-being. Sleep deprivation may be caused by shorter periods of sleep, which over time can cause impairment. Whether it occurs as a result of a disorder or is due to voluntary sleep curtailment, sleep deprivation has wide-ranging negative consequences for human health and well being (see the earlier section, Physical and Psychological Effects of Insufficient Sleep, p. 1123). page 1131 fundamentals 2. REM/NON-REM correct answers Sleep Cycle/Pattern (NREM Sleep) (Attributes-Defining Characteristics) 1.Nonrapid Eye Movement(NREM) -Stage 1 Light Sleep,Lasts a few minutes,easily aroused,aware of surroundings,muscle jerks 5% of sleep -Stage 2 Period of Sound Sleep,Body Functions start to slow but still easily aroused,muscles start to relax last 10-20 minutes, 50-55% of sleep -Stage 3 start of deep sleep,muscles relaxed, difficult to arouse,lasts 15-30 minutes,10% of sleep -Stage 4 Deepest stage of sleep,Difficult to arouse,Sleepwalking occurs,lasts 15-30 minutes,10 % of sleep,Delta Sleep,Vitals decrease 2.REM(Rapid Eye Movement)Sleep -Vivid Dreams (Difficult to Arouse) -Lasts about 20 minutes -Frequency dependent on length of sleep -Metabolic & Vital Signs Increase