Nutrition NR 228 Exam Graded A+ Q & A Complete

Types of sugars - ANSWER-glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose Sucralose, aspartame, and saccharin are commonly used alternative sweeteners. essential nutrients - ANSWER-nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food nonessential nutrients - ANSWER-Nutrients required for growth and health that can be produced by the body from other components of the diet. GI organs and functions - ANSWER-Ingestion- Process of taking food into the mouth, starting it on its journey through the digestive tract Digestion- A group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones, thus facilitating their absorption; mechanical digestion physically breaks large chunks into small bits; chemical digestion breaks molecules apart Motility- Movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes of mechanical digestion; examples are peristalsis and segmentation Secretion- Release of digestive juices (containing enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile, or other products that facilitate digestion); some digestive organs secrete endocrine hormones that regulate digestion or metabolism of nutrients Absorption- Movement of digested nutrients through the gastrointestinal mucosa and into the internal environment Elimination- Excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum, through the anus; defecation Structures of the GI tract and their function - ANSWER-Mouth Breaks up food particles Assists in producing spoken language Salivary glands Saliva moistens and lubricates food Amylase digests carbohydrates Pharynx Swallows Esophagus Transports food Stomach Stores and churns food HCI activates enzymes, breaks up food, kills germs Mucus protects stomach wall Limited absorption Pancreas Hormones regulate blood glucose levels Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid Liver Breaks down and builds up many biological molecules Stores vitamins and iron Destroys old blood cells Destroys poisons Produces bile to aid digestion