FISDAP Trauma Study Guide questions n answers graded A+ 2024/2025

FISDAP Trauma Study GuideUNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS - correct answer ======================================= >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1. Disseminating intravascular coagulation - correct answer Results from any number of life-threatening conditions, including massive injury and hypotension due to trauma. Sepsis and obstetric complications also may cause DIC. This conditions progresses in two stages: 1. Free thrombin and fibrin deposits in the blood increases, and platelet begin to aggregate. in this stage, defibrillation or a breakdown of the fibrin clots, or tissue injury. 2. Uncontrolled hemorrhage results from the severe reduction in clotting factors. The mortality rate for patients with DIC is quite high, especially in acute cases; some studies have shown it to be 60% to 65%. The primary cause of death relate to uncontrolled bleeding, hypotension, and shock. Assessment: In cases involving severe trauma, patients may have episodes of respiratory difficulties, signs of shock, and skin changes raging from cold and clammy to pallor to small black and blue marks (purpura) on the chest and abdomen. Management: 2. Hemorrhagic compensatory mechanism - correct answer Baroreceptor reflex: The body can quickly sense a fall in blood pressure through its arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors, and then activate the sympathetic adrenergic system to stimulate the heart (increase heart rate and contractility) and constrict blood vessels (increase systemic vascular resistance). Chemoreceptor reflex: Reduced organ blood flow caused by vasoconstriction and reduced arterial pressure, leads to systemic acidosis that is sensed by chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptor reflex further activates the sympathetic adrenergic system thereby reinforcing the baroreceptor reflex. 3. Pathophysiology of referred pain (such as Kehr's sign) - correct answer 1833 - spleen injuries can have referred pain in the left shoulder (called kehr sign). Kehr's sign is a classic example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signaled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the collarbone. connections between the body's two separate nervous systems -nerves connecting SNS and ANS cause the stimulation of the autonomic nerves to be perceived as stimulation of the spinal sensory nerves 4. Pleural decompression - correct answer Purpose: Decompression of a tension pneumothorax. Decompression procedure: 1. Assemble equipment a. Large bore IV catheter - 14 ga or larger and at least 2" in length; or other MCA approved commercial device. b. Antiseptic swabs c. Dressing and tape 2. Identify landmarks a. Insert needle in the mid-clavicular line at the second intercostal space just above the third rib. 3. Prep the area with antiseptic swab. 4. Remove flash chamber cap from IV catheter. 5. Insert the catheter over the top of the rib until air rushes out. Advance catheter over the needle. Remove needle leaving catheter in place. 6. Reassess breath sounds and patient's condition (patient's condition should