Adv. Pharmacology Final 6521 Latest 2024 Rated A+

Adv. Pharmacology Final 6521 Latest 2024 Rated A+ antipsychotic medications Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics. Block dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery. Acute and chronic psychosis, schizophrenia, manic phase of bipolar disorders, Tourette's syndrome, delusional and schizoaffective disorders, dementia. Conventional (typical) or atypical. Patient education: s/s of orthostatic hypotension - move slowly when standing up. Sedation - avoid hazardous activities such as driving until sedation wears off. Impaires libido and erection / ejaculation *avoid anticholinergic drugs, barbiturates, benzos and alcohol. first generation antipsychotics a group of medications originally developed to combat psychotic symptoms by reducing dopamine levels in the brain; also called conventional or typical antipsychotics block receptors for dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine Ex. (low potency): Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine s/e orthostatic hyposension, long Q-T syndrome, high sedation (medium potency): loxapine, perhenazine, s/e moderate sedation (high potency):fluphenazine, haloperidol, pimozide, thiothoxene, frifluoperizine s/e movement problems second generation antipsychotics drugs that alleviate schizophrenia with less likelihood of movement problems S/E: are associated with metabolic adverse effects (eg. weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and increased risk of diabetes). As such they should be monitored for changes. Olanzapine and clozapine carry the greatest risk. Ex. apripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone, Potency the size of the dose needed to elicit a given response Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) A rare and sometimes fatal reaction to high-potency neuroleptic drugs. Symptoms include muscle rigidity, fever, and elevated white blood cell count. It is thought to result from dopamine blockage at the basal ganglia and hypothalamus. Treatment: support body through withdrawal. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - Chlorpromazine is used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or manic-depression, and severe behavioral problems in children ages 1 through 12. Chlorpromazine is also used to treat nausea and vomiting, anxiety before surgery, chronic hiccups, acute intermittent porphyria, and symptoms of tetanus. S/E: - This medication can cause photophobic skin reactions and damage to the retina of the eye if exposed to direct sunlight. PTs taking this should be reminded to wear protective clothing, apply sunscreen and wear sunglasses when they are outside. sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects. Clozapine (Clozaril) Second Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotic low affinity to D2 dopamine receptors treats schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. Not many EPSs. S/E weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, cholinergic, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia. extrapyramidal symptoms side effects of antipsychotic medications that affect a person's gait, movement, or posture Usually caused by high potency first gen. antipsychotics Also referred to as EPS Acute Dystonia: occurs within first few days of therapy. Severe spasm of the muscles of tongue, face, neck and back. Parkinsonism: bradykinesia, mask-like facies, drooling,