PSYCH 100 Exam 3 ~ CROSBY PSU Questions With Verified Solutions

PSYCH 100 Exam 3 ~ CROSBY PSU Questions With Verified Solutions circadian rhythm - answera cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period - sleep wake cycle REM Sleep - answer- rapid eye movement -eyes moving under eyelids -increase in body function (ex: heartbeat) - 90% of dreaming - REM paralysis Stages of Sleep: Stage 1 - answerNonREM light sleep hypnic jerk/hypnic image quiet sleep Stages of Sleep: Stage 2 - answertemperature, breathing, and heart rate decrease; sleep spindles Stages of Sleep: Stage 3 - answergrowth hormones released, hard to week up insomnia - answerinability to fall asleep, stay asleep, and get good quality sleep narcolepsy - answerperson immediately falls in REM sleep during the day without warning, triggered by emotions nightmares - answerbad dreams arousing feelings of horror, helplessness, sorrow, occur during REM sleep during the second half of the night people remember nightmares often related to day residue adaptive theory - answeranimals and humans have evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active restorative theory - answersleep is necessary for physical health of our body memory consolidation - answerwe are deciding what info needs to be kept and what needs to be discarded during sleep creative thinking/problem solving - answeroccurs during REM sleep growth - answerhormones expressed during sleep influence growth and body weight dreams - answer-provide access to the unconscious -manifest vs latent content -spikes in brain activity: visuospatial regions (occipital lobe), motor cortex (frontal lobe), hippocampus (memory), amygdala/cingulate cortex (emotion) sensation - answerprocess that occurs when special receptions in the sense organs are activated, allowing outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain perception - answermethod by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion top-down processing - answerdrawing prior knowledge from your mind to better understand new info&current situation bottom-up processing - answertaking in information and trying to make sense of it, building up towards cortex just noteable different - answersmallest difference between two stimuli detectable 50% of the time, constant proportion of change, not a constant amount of change absolute threshold - answerleast energy for correct stimulus detection 50% of the time, the lowest level of stimulation a person can reliably detect corena - answerfocuses light coming into the eye, project it back to the retina iris - answermuscle that controls the size of the pupil lens - answerchanges shape to bring objects into focus retina - answercontains photoreceptor cells (final stop for light) layer 1: light passes through ganglion and bipolar cells layer 2: it reaches and stimulates rods and cones layer 3: nerve impulses from the rods and cones travel along a nerve pathway to the brain light becoming a neural impulse - answer1. Light passes through ganglion and bipolar cells 2. It reaches and stimulates the rods and cones 3. Nerve impulses from the rods and cones travel along a nerve pathway to the brain rods - answerretinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond cones - answerretinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations. afterimages - answervisual sensations that persist after the initial stimulus has been removed (supports opponent-process theory) Gestalt principles: figure-ground - answerthe tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background Gestalt principles: proximity - answerthe tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping Gestalt principles: similarity - answerthe tendency to perceive things that look similar as a part of the same group Gestalt principles: closure - answerthe tendency to complete figures that are incomplete Gestalt principles: continuity - answerthe tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern