Lymphedema Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Lymphedema Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers what are the components of the lymphatic system? - answer1. lymph vessels 2. lymph nodes 3. spleen 4. thymus ls 6. lymphocytes 7. peyers patches lymph vessels - answercollect and transport protein rich fluid (lymph) from the interstitium to the CNS lymph nodes - answerfiltering stations for the lymph fluid and serve as a storage place for white blood cells (WBC) (lymphocytes) spleen - answerused to dispose of aged red blood cells (erythrocytes) and serves as a storage place for blood (plasma) thymus - answerserves important immunological Fx in early yrs of life; also referred to as thymus gland because of its secretions of hormones, making it part of the endocrine system tonsils - answerserve immunological fx lymphocytes - answerWBCs which the body uses to fight infections, bacteria, and foreign matter peyers patches - answeraggregations of lymphoid tissue (aggregated lymphoid nodules) found in the lowest part of the intestine. because the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to the external environment, much of it is populated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. peyers patches are important for the immune surveillance of the intestinal lumen. what are the functions of the lymphatic system? - answer-returns protein and water from the interstitium to the cardiovascular system -absorbs protein, fat, and fat soluable vitamins (chyle) through the intestinal lymph vessels -recognizes and responds to foreign cells, microbes, and cancer cells (serves important immunological fx) what is the difference between lymph capillaries and blood capillaries - answerlymph are larger than blood capillaries and are structurally adapted to ensure the absorption of large molecules (i.e. proteins from interstitium) lymph capillaries originate in the tissue spaces and form an extensive plexus throughout the body in the soft connective tissue of the skin and mucous membranes, lymph capillaries are located close to the blood capillaries. their wall is made of flat endothelial cells that overlap each other ("swining flaps"). anchoring filiments attach to the endothelial cells of the lymph capillary and surrounding tissue. increase in interstitial fluid produces a pull on the anchoring filaments that opens the pores even more, allowing a passive influx of fluid into the small vessel. main task of lymph capillaries - answerabsorb interstitial fluid (protein and water) as necessary lymph collector - answer-superficial or deep based on location -transport lymph via intrinsic contractions of the lymphangia lymph angion - answer-smallest functional unit of the lymph collector -distal and proximal valve -characterized by muscle issue and bicuspid valves, ANS innervation, intrinsic contractions (6- 10x/min) which blood vessels contain valves? - answer which part of the lymph vascular system contains valves? - answer what does the term lymphatic watershed mean - answerthey separate lymphatic tributary regions what is the tributary region of the R inguinal lymph node? - answerR lower trunk quadrant what is the tributary of the axillary lymph nodes? - answerupper extremitiesm upper trunk quadrants, breasts the right lymphatic duct drains certain body areas, name some of them. - answerUEs and adjacent trunk quadrants (to the axillary lymph nodes and then via the bilateral subclavian trunks and into the right lymphatic duct the cervical lymph nodes drain lymph via the bilateral jugular trunks into the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts. from the bronchi, lungs, and the mediastinum the lymph fluid reaches the ducts via the broncho-mediastinal trunks. why is the intestinal lymph milky white at times? - answerafter a meal, due to the absorption of fat into the intestinal trunk, the contents of the intestinal lymph vessels appear cloudy (milky white) in color (called chyle) what is the name of the intestinal lymph? - answerchyle where does the thoracic duct enter into the venous system? - answerleft venous angle what is the tributary region of the inguinal lymph nodes? - answersuperficial inguinal LN: trunk wall below naval line, lumbar and gluteal region, perineum, external genitals, lower extremities popliteal LN: skin, deep parts of lower leg what is the name of the 2 veins that build the venous angle? - answersubclavian vein (R and L venous angles) what is the location of the thoracic duct - answer-runs from cisternal chyle to L venous angle -deep in trunk -parallels spine from L2 to the venous angle (juncture between the L internal jugular and L subclavian veins) lymphatic trunks of the upper body - answer1. R/L jugular trunk: cervical lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (L) and R lymphatic duct (R) 2. R/L subclavian trunk: from axillary lymph nodes to thoracic duct (L) and R lymphatic duct (R) 3 .R/L broncho-mediastinal trunk: from bronchi lumgs and mediastinum to the thoracic duct (L) and R lymphatic duct (R) lymph trunks of the lower body - answer1. r and l lumbar trunks: from inguinal lymph nodes to cisternal chyle 2. intestinal trunk: from small intestine to the cisternal chyle location of cisterna chyle - answer-beginning of the thoracic duct - what does lymph fluid consist of? - answer-proteins -water -cells (RBCs, WBCs, lymphocytes) -waste products and other foreign substances -fat (intestinal lymph, chyle) how many lymph nodes are in the human body? - answer600-700 most in intestines /abdomen head and neck also have a large quantity others in axillary and inguinal areas 2-30mm long oval, round, bean, or kidney shaped what are the functions of lymph nodes? - answer-filtration of noxious matter: i.e. bacteria, toxins and dead cells. due to branched sinus system, the lymph flow is slowed, allowing macrophages to better catch and phagocytize harmful substances -storage of lymphocytes (WBCs): lymphocytes are important in fighting infection and enhancing bodys immune capabilities -regulation of the concentration of protein in the lymph: as lymph flows through the node, excess water is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries. what are the "interaxillary" anastamoses - answeranastamoses are connections utilized in MLD for moving fluid from congested to healthy part of the body. "interaxillary" anastamoses move fluid across the chest where in the body do we find axillo axillary anastamoses - answerchest/across the sternum structure of the blood capillary - answerconsist on one layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane permeability varies based on the integrity of these two layers permeability relativly low in continuous capillaries like the brain and the highest sinusoid capillaries of the liver 3 types of blood capillary membranes: continuous fenestrated : endocrine glands, intestines, sinusoid : bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleedn