OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 6: Acellular Pathogens

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 6: Acellular Pathogens * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is not a property of a virus? A. It is an infectious cellular pathogen.* B. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen. C. Its genome consists of DNA or RNA. D. Its genome is surrounded by a protein capsid. 2. Which of the following is the scientist responsible for first discovering viruses (specifically, tobacco mosaic virus)? A. Dimitri Ivanovski* B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusine 3. The protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following? A. amino acids B. capsomeres* C. chromatins D. telomeres 4. Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses? A. biological vector* B. fomite C. mechanical vector D. both as fomites and as vectors 5. Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion? A. mm B. µm C. nm* D. pm 6. Viruses can be visualized using which method? A. compound light microscope B. electron microscope* C. the naked eye D. ultraviolet rays 7. The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic? A. capsid shape B. host-cell susceptibility C. the presence or absence of an envelope D. the viral genome* 8. Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication? A. Attachment  Lysis  Penetration  Biosynthesis  Maturation B. Attachment  Penetration  Biosynthesis  Maturation  Lysis * C. Biosynthesis  Attachment  Penetration  Lysis  Maturation D. Penetration  Biosynthesis  Lysis  Attachment  Maturati 9. In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage* B. provirus C. virioid D. virion 10. In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage B. provirus* C. virioid D. virion 11. Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses? A. conjugation B. mutation C. transduction* D. transformation 12. A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in this scenario? A. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by generalized transduction B. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction* C. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by generalized transduction D. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by specialized transductio 13. (−)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following? A. DNA polymerase encoded by the host cell B. DNA polymerase encoded by the virus C. RNA polymerase encoded by the host cell D. RNA polymerase encoded by the virus* 14. Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses? A. forward transcriptase B. retrotranscriptase C. reverse transcriptase* D. Taq polymerase 15. Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA? A. cDNA* B. dsRNA C. (+)ssRNA D. (−)ssRNA 16. Which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A. CD4* B. CD8 C. Gp120 D. sialic acid 17. Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections? A. adenovirus* B. Epstein-Barr virus C. herpes simplex virus D. varicella-zoster virus 18. Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease? A. cowpox B. genital warts C. shingles* D. smallpox 19. The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following? A. induction * B. lysogeny C. phage conversion D. transduction 20. Which statement regarding the introduction of virus in eggs is true? A. Pox can form on the embryo.* B. The virus cannot be introduced into the yolk sac. C. The virus will not kill the embryo if it is introduced early in development. D. Virus introduction will not disrupt embryonic development. 21. The liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors is known as which of the following? A. erythrocytes B. plasma C. platelets D. serum* 22. Which method cannot be used to detect virus in a patient’s serum? A. EIA B. hemagglutinin assay C. growth in pure culture* D. RT-PCR 23. You are a nurse and you suspect that you may have been exposed to a particular virus. You and your health care provider decide to perform a hemagglutinin assay. A sample of your serum is taken and added to a sample of virus. Next, the virus and serum sample are added to erythrocytes. Upon examination, you do not see any agglutination occurring. Which can you conclude from these results? A. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, and your serum contains antibodies against the virus.* B. The test result suggests you may have been exposed to the virus, but your serum does not contain antibodies against the virus. C. The test result suggests you may not have been exposed to the virus. D. You cannot make a conclusion from the information given. 24. Which effect does tomato planta macho viroids have on the crop? A. browning of fruit B. crown-gall formation C. loss of chlorophyll* D. lysis of root cells 25. Which scientist first discovered prions? A. Dimitri Ivanovski B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusiner*