Galen NUR 210 Exam 3 Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Latest Updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct)

Galen NUR 210 Exam 3 Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Latest Updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct) Alpha-adrenergic blockers end in - Correct Answer--sin Calcium Channel Blockers end in - Correct Answer--pine Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors end in - Correct Answer--pril Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in - Correct Answer--sartan or -tan Physiological risk factors for hypertension - Correct Answer--Excessive intake of saturated fat and simple carbohydrates -Alcohol: increases renin secretions Cultural responses to antihypertensive agents - Correct Answer--African Americans -Asian Americans Drugs that can be used as dual therapy along with a diuretic for African Americans - Correct Answer--Metropolol -Lisinopril Drugs that can be used as monotherapy in African Americans - Correct Answer-- Prazosin -Nifidipine Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic blockers) Action - Correct Answer--Blocks the adrenergic affect, which lowers blood pressure and heart rate Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic blockers) Uses - Correct Answer--Hypertension -Also used as an anti-dysrhythmic and anti-angina Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic Blockers) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer-- Depresses the sympathetic nervous system -Drowsy, dizzy, weak, headache, nasal stuffiness -Constricts pupil/blurred vision (ok for glaucoma) -Sexual dysfunction -Depression -Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia Galen NUR 210 Exam 3 Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Updated 2024/2025 Graded A+ -Photosensitivity -Hypoglycemia -Bronchospasm Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic blockers) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Heart block -Hypotension -Acute heart failure -Bradycardia Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic blockers) Caution - Correct Answer--Diabetes -Asthma -Liver, kidney or thyroid dysfunction Metropolol (Beta-adrenergic blockers) Interactions - Correct Answer--Other drugs that lower heart rate or blood pressure -OTC cold medications -Alcohol -Anti-diabetic drugs -NSAIDS decrease effectiveness Prazosin (Alpha-adrenergic blockers) Action - Correct Answer-Block the alpha-adrergic receptors, resulting in vasodilation and decreased blood pressure Prazosin (Alpha-adrenergic blockers) Uses - Correct Answer--Hypertension -Heart failure -Benign prostatic hypertrophy Prazosin (Alpha-adrenergic blockers) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer-- Dizzy, drowsy -Dry mouth -headache -Abdominal pain -Urinary incontinence -Orthostatic hypotension, hypotension -Palpitations Prazosin (Alpha-adrenergic blockers) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Renal Disease (caution with angina) Prazosin (Alpha-adrenergic blockers) Interactions - Correct Answer--Other drugs that lower blood pressure -Alcohol -OTC cold medications Nifidipine (Calcium Channel Blockers) Action - Correct Answer-Blocks calcium's movement in and out of cells which promotes vasodilation and decreased heart rate Nifidipine (Calcium Channel Blockers) Uses - Correct Answer--Hypertension -Anti-angina -Anti-dysrhythmic -Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Nifidipine (Calcium Channel Blockers) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer-- Flushing -Headache -Dizziness -Ankle edema -Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension -Bradycardia Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors) Action - Correct Answer-- Inhibits the production of angiotensin II (a strong vasoconstrictor) and aldosterone (holds water & Na, releases K) -So by inhibiting angiotensin II the patient has inhibited vasoconstriction (results in vasodilation) and releases water and Na and holds K Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors) Uses - Correct Answer-- Hypertension -Heart failure Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--Constant irritating cough -headache -GI upset -Insomnia -Hyperkalemia -Tachycardia -Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Pregnancy -Potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone -Salt substitutes that contain potassium Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors) Interactions - Correct Answer--Potassium containing medication -Other anti-hypertensives -OTC cold medication Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Action - Correct Answer--Inhibits binding of angiotensin II to its receptor -Inhibits angiotensin II (no vasoconstriction) and the release of Aldosterone (release sodium and water - hold on to potassium) Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Uses - Correct Answer-- Hypertension -Heart failure Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Pregnancy -Lactating Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Interactions - Correct Answer-- Other antihypertensives -Alcohol -aspirin can increase renal dysfunction/hyperkalemia -OTC cold medications Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--Does not cause the cough of ACE inhibitors -Dizzy, Drowsy, fatigue -Insomnia, headache -Orthostatic hypotension -Hyperkalemia -Hypoglycemia (rare) -Renal dysfunction Types of Diuretics - Correct Answer--Thiazide or Thiazide-like -Loop or High-ceiling -Osmotic -Potassium Sparing Diuretics that waste potassium - Correct Answer--Thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide) -Loop diuretics (Furosemide) Diuretics that spare potassium - Correct Answer-Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic) Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Action - Correct Answer-Action is in the Kidneys -Promotes Na, K, and Water excretion -Decreases Pre-Load and Cardiac Output -Acts on Arterioles causing Vasodilation Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Uses - Correct Answer--Treat Hypertesion -Edema from Heart Failure -Hepatic Cirrhosis Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--Dizziness, headache, weakness -GI distress -Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance -Hypotension, Orthostatic Hypotension -Hyperglycemia -Photosensitivity -Hypokalemia, Dysrhythmias Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Renal Failure with Anuria -Electrolyte Depletion (Caution: Hepatic Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus) Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Interactions - Correct Answer--Increased Digoxin toxicity with Hypokalemia -Anti-Diabetic Drugs -Steroids Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Action - Correct Answer-Inhibits water and sodium reabsorption, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are also excreted Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Uses - Correct Answer--Treat fluid retention caused by heart failure -Renal dysfunction -Cirrhosis -Hypertension -Pulmonary Edema Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--GI distress -Fluid and electrolyte imbalances -Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension -Photosensitivity -Hyperglycemia -Hearing Loss (when IV pushing too fast) Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Severe electrolyte imbalance -Hypovolemia -Allergy to sulfa drugs (Caution: Heart Failure and Diabetes) Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Interactions - Correct Answer--Anticoagulants (Increased Bleeding) -Steroids (Increased K Loss) Digoxin if Hypokalemia is present K Wasting Diuretic Lab Abnormalities (serum chemistry abnormalities with K wasting diuretics) - Correct Answer--Hypokalemia -Hypomagnesemia -Hypochloremia -Hyponatremia -Hyperglycemia *Hypocalcemia in Loop Diuretics *Hypercalcemia in Thiazide Diuretics Mannitol (Osmotic Diuretics) Action - Correct Answer-Causes water, chloride, potassium, and water to be excreted through the kidneys Mannitol (Osmotic Diuretics) Uses - Correct Answer--Prevent Kidney Failure - Decrease Intracranial Pressure (ICP) -Decrease Intraocular Pressure (IOP) -Usually used in an Emergency situation Mannitol (Osmotic Diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--GI upset -Fluid and electrolyte imbalance -Pulmonary edema from rapid shift of fluids -Tachycardia -Rapid Fluid Loss, Acidosis (Extreme Caution: Heart disease, Heart Failure, and Renal Failure) Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparring Diuretics) Action - Correct Answer--Blocks Aldosterone -Because of blocking aldosterone the renal tubules promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparring Diuretics) Uses - Correct Answer--To treat fluid overload associated with heart failure -Hepatic Cirrhosis Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparring Diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--GI distress, dizziness, weakness -Hypotension, Orthostatic Hypotension -Fluid and electrolyte imbalance -Photosensitivity -Hyperkalemia Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparring Diuretics) Contraindications - Correct Answer-- Severe Kidney/Renal Disease -Hyperkalemia Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparring Diuretics) Interactions - Correct Answer-- Potassium supplements -ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor blockes Antitubercular Drugs - Drug combinations: Single-drug and multi drug therapy - Correct Answer-Single drug: Not used as it is ineffective Multidrug: Decreases bacterial resistance to drug and treatment duration decreased Antitubercular Drugs - Treatment regimen is divided into - Correct Answer-2 phases Antitubercular Drugs - Phase 1 - Correct Answer-*Isoniazid *Rifampin -More effective than second-line -Less toxic than second-line Duration: Approximately 2 months Antitubercular Drugs - Phase 2 - Correct Answer--Less effective -More Toxic Duration: Approximately 4 to 7 months Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Action - Correct Answer-Inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Uses - Correct Answer-Treat tuberculosis; prophylactic use against tuberculosis Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Side effects/adverse reactions - Correct Answer--Drowsiness -Photosensitivity -Dizziness -GI upset -Ocular toxicity -Peripheral neuropathy -Vitamin B6 deficiency -Increased LFT's - Liver damage -Can also injure kidneys -Rifampin - turne secretions orange Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Contraindications - Correct Answer--Severe renal or hepatic disease -Alcoholism -Diabetic retinopathy Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Interactions - Correct Answer--Alcohol -Antacids Isoniazid & Rifampin (Antitiburcular Drugs) Interventions/Teaching - Correct Answer-- Administer Isoniazid 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals -Must follow complete regimen -Collect sputum in early morning -Check liver enzymes, kidney function -Need frequent eye examinations -Report numbness, tingling, burning -Take pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to help prevent peripheral neuropathy -Teach sun precautions, to avoid antacids -Teach rifampin can turn urine, feces, saliva, sputum, sweat, and tears red-orange. Contact lenses and clothes can be stained Antihistamines - Correct Answer--Diphenhydramine (first generation) -Loratadine (second generation) non-sedating