Samenvatting studievak health promotion and disease prevention
An evaluation plan includes…
- Relevant evaluation question(s)
- Appropriate design & methods
- A program / intervention
- Outcomes
- Involvement of stakeholders
Het verschil tusen tertiariy prevention and indicated prevention is:
- Tertiary = prevent/reduce the seriousness / or complications of diseases
- INDICATED = aims to identify individuals who exhibit early signs of a disease and other related
problem behaviours associated with a health problem and target them with special programs
What are tools or instruments to aanpakken een probleem
- Education
- Facilities
- Legislature/law: control & sanction/penalties
- Prising
What are examples of Primary prevention of overweight in preschool children? (The BeeBOFT
Study)
1. Breastfeeding
2. Breakfast daily
3. Outside playing
4. Few sugar sweetened drinks
5. TV viewing
What are Determinants of Health behavior?
- severity
- risk perception
- attitude
- social influence
- self efficacy
- habit
‘Smoking reduction’ with the aim to maintain an optimal respiratoy- and CV-system = HP
‘Smoking reduction’ with the aim to reduce the change of getting lungcancer = DP
What are examples of Legislature?
1. Mandatory food labeling
2. Car-free streets/sundays
3. Advertisement ban
4. Schools: Healthier canteens
5. Physical education policy
, 6. Taxation of SSB
What are some challenges in upstream research?
- Study designs
- Self-selection
- Confounding factors
- Non-linear relations
- Area of exposure
- Definition of exposure
What are Walkability components?
– Population density
– Density of retail and service destinations
– Green space
– Land use mix
– Street connectivity
– Sidewalk presence/ density
DALY = YLD (Years lived with disability, illness or injury) + YLL (Years of life lost)
Symptoms of high-frequency hearing loss
- You struggle to understand women’s and children’s voices
- You’ve stopped hearing birds chirping
- When people talk, you feel like you can hear, but not understand
- Words that start or end with s, h, f or th are harder to hear.
What are some causes of hearing loss?
Causal factors → primary prevention
● Prenatal: genetics and intrauterine infections (e.g. rubella)
● Perinatal: lack of oxygen, prematurity, low birth weight, etc.
● Childhood and adolescence: chronic otitis media, other infections
● Adulthood and older age
● Factors across the life span
Primary prevention hearing loss in NL
● Prenatal care
● Protection against noise and ototoxic chemicals at work: Dutch Working Conditions
Legislation
● Recreational noise exposure - > reduce noise, use protection
Secondary prevention hearing loss in NL
● Neonatal screening (0-1 wk)
● Screening at primary school (5, 10 yr olds)
● Self-screening of adults
, Capability, Motivation en Opportunity leiden tot Behavior.
Barriers:
- C: Lacking the skills
- M: Incompetent re problems outside expertise
- O: Lack of time to use the intake tool
Enablers:
- Self-preparation by the patient
- Integration in the electronic health record
SUPR study aims
Primary outcome: Use of communication strategies
Secondary outcomes: a.o. hearing aid use in hrs/day
Primary prevention: reduction or elimination of HL (examples: noise controls/ hearing protectors)
Secondary prevention: early identification to reduce negative effect of HL (examples: screening
tools)
Tertiary prevention: services to deal with adverse effects of HL (hearing aids, rehabilitation
programs)
Evaluation is a process that critically examines a program → ¨It involves systematically collecting
and analyzing information about the activities, characteristics, and outcomes
Reasons to evaluate are:
1. To determine the effect(s) of a program (was it successful in preventing and/or reducing the
health problem)
2. Accountabillity (Is money spent wisely?)
3. Ethical aspects (unwanted side effects)
4. Development (to improve its effectiveness, implementation on larger scale and or/ inform
programming decisions)
Evaluation typically is the last consideration in planning and implementing an intervention. Known
reasons are..
- Money
- Time constraints
- Threat
- Already proven effective
- Intervention is still developping
An evaluation plan includes…
- Relevant evaluation question(s)
- Appropriate design & methods
- A program / intervention
- Outcomes
- Involvement of stakeholders
An evaluation plan includes…
- Relevant evaluation question(s)
- Appropriate design & methods
- A program / intervention
- Outcomes
- Involvement of stakeholders
Het verschil tusen tertiariy prevention and indicated prevention is:
- Tertiary = prevent/reduce the seriousness / or complications of diseases
- INDICATED = aims to identify individuals who exhibit early signs of a disease and other related
problem behaviours associated with a health problem and target them with special programs
What are tools or instruments to aanpakken een probleem
- Education
- Facilities
- Legislature/law: control & sanction/penalties
- Prising
What are examples of Primary prevention of overweight in preschool children? (The BeeBOFT
Study)
1. Breastfeeding
2. Breakfast daily
3. Outside playing
4. Few sugar sweetened drinks
5. TV viewing
What are Determinants of Health behavior?
- severity
- risk perception
- attitude
- social influence
- self efficacy
- habit
‘Smoking reduction’ with the aim to maintain an optimal respiratoy- and CV-system = HP
‘Smoking reduction’ with the aim to reduce the change of getting lungcancer = DP
What are examples of Legislature?
1. Mandatory food labeling
2. Car-free streets/sundays
3. Advertisement ban
4. Schools: Healthier canteens
5. Physical education policy
, 6. Taxation of SSB
What are some challenges in upstream research?
- Study designs
- Self-selection
- Confounding factors
- Non-linear relations
- Area of exposure
- Definition of exposure
What are Walkability components?
– Population density
– Density of retail and service destinations
– Green space
– Land use mix
– Street connectivity
– Sidewalk presence/ density
DALY = YLD (Years lived with disability, illness or injury) + YLL (Years of life lost)
Symptoms of high-frequency hearing loss
- You struggle to understand women’s and children’s voices
- You’ve stopped hearing birds chirping
- When people talk, you feel like you can hear, but not understand
- Words that start or end with s, h, f or th are harder to hear.
What are some causes of hearing loss?
Causal factors → primary prevention
● Prenatal: genetics and intrauterine infections (e.g. rubella)
● Perinatal: lack of oxygen, prematurity, low birth weight, etc.
● Childhood and adolescence: chronic otitis media, other infections
● Adulthood and older age
● Factors across the life span
Primary prevention hearing loss in NL
● Prenatal care
● Protection against noise and ototoxic chemicals at work: Dutch Working Conditions
Legislation
● Recreational noise exposure - > reduce noise, use protection
Secondary prevention hearing loss in NL
● Neonatal screening (0-1 wk)
● Screening at primary school (5, 10 yr olds)
● Self-screening of adults
, Capability, Motivation en Opportunity leiden tot Behavior.
Barriers:
- C: Lacking the skills
- M: Incompetent re problems outside expertise
- O: Lack of time to use the intake tool
Enablers:
- Self-preparation by the patient
- Integration in the electronic health record
SUPR study aims
Primary outcome: Use of communication strategies
Secondary outcomes: a.o. hearing aid use in hrs/day
Primary prevention: reduction or elimination of HL (examples: noise controls/ hearing protectors)
Secondary prevention: early identification to reduce negative effect of HL (examples: screening
tools)
Tertiary prevention: services to deal with adverse effects of HL (hearing aids, rehabilitation
programs)
Evaluation is a process that critically examines a program → ¨It involves systematically collecting
and analyzing information about the activities, characteristics, and outcomes
Reasons to evaluate are:
1. To determine the effect(s) of a program (was it successful in preventing and/or reducing the
health problem)
2. Accountabillity (Is money spent wisely?)
3. Ethical aspects (unwanted side effects)
4. Development (to improve its effectiveness, implementation on larger scale and or/ inform
programming decisions)
Evaluation typically is the last consideration in planning and implementing an intervention. Known
reasons are..
- Money
- Time constraints
- Threat
- Already proven effective
- Intervention is still developping
An evaluation plan includes…
- Relevant evaluation question(s)
- Appropriate design & methods
- A program / intervention
- Outcomes
- Involvement of stakeholders
