NUR 1025C FINAL EXAM FOCUSED STUDY GUIDE

NUR 1025C FINAL EXAM FOCUSED STUDY GUIDETHE FIVE P’S OF LABOR AND DELIVERY: • Powers (Contractions) o Effacement: Shortening and thinning of the cervix during the first stage of labor o Dilation: The enlargement or widening of the cervical opening and the cervical canal that occurs once labor has begun. • Passengers (Fetus & Placenta) o Fetal Presentation: Refers to the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and lead through the birth canal during labor at term. o Fetal Lie: Relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother o Fetal Attitude: Relation of the fetal body parts to one another; goes with general flexion o Fetal Position: Relation of the presenting part to the 4 quadrants of the mother’s pelvis • Passage (Birth Canal) • Position • Psyche STAGES OF LABOR: • Stage 1: Cervical Effacement & Dilation o Latent Phase (Early): 1-3 cm o Active Phase: 4-7 cm o Transition Phase: 8-10 cm • Stage 2: Delivery • Stage 3: Placenta o Shiny Schultze = Fetal side o Dirty Duncan = Maternal side • Stage 4: Recovery MECHANISM OF LABOR: Every Damn Female I Eat Returns Eagerly • Engagement Descent Flexion Internal Rotation Extension External Rotation Expulsion Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy: Subjective changes reported by the woman • Amenorrhea, Fatigue, Breast Changes, N/V • Quickening: Fluttering of life felt by the woman Probable Signs of Pregnancy: Objective changes assessed by an examiner • Chadwick Sign: Violet/blue cervix mucosa • Ballottement: Passive movement of the unengaged fetus • Hegar’s Sign: Softening of the cervix • Goodell’s Sign: Softening of the cervical tip • Positive pregnancy test (urine and serum) Positive Signs of Pregnancy: Objective signs assessed by an examiner that can be attributed only to the presence of the fetus. Definitive signs that confirm pregnancy. • FHT (doppler) • Visualizing the fetus