Solution Manual & Test Bank for Choices Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7th edition by Bob Shebib-stamped

Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-1 Solution Manual & Test Bank for Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7th edition by Bob Shebib Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-2 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Test Bank Chapter One Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Multiple Choice Questions 1. Ethics are a. skills and techniques for working with clients b. government legislation that regulates professionals c. what one considers to be important d. principles and rules of proper conduct e. personal beliefs governing behaviour (Answer: “d” page 3) 2. Which of the following professionals are licensed to prescribe medication? a. psychiatrists b. psychologists with a Ph.D. degree c. social workers who have received specialized training d. any counselling professional with at least a Master’s degree e. chiropractors (Answer: “a” page 2) 3. Social justice commitment implies that counsellors a. work with law enforcement officials to combat crime b. treat all clients the same c. respect individual difference d. use advocacy to promote human rights and income redistribution e. assess clients based on community standards (Answer: “d” page 3) 4. Professional ethics a. are designed to protect both clients and counsellors b. encourage dual relationships with clients Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-3 c. require the use of psychiatric diagnosis d. enable counsellors to blend personal values with agency standards e. define the benefits of counselling (Answer “a”, page 3) 5. Which of the following represents a “dual relationship?” a. co-signing a loan for a client b. buying a car from a client c. dating a client d. social involvement with a client e. all of the above (Answer: “e” page 5) 6. With respect to physical contact with clients a. it is never acceptable b. touch may be an important component of working with children c. touch, while a natural part of human interaction, has no place in professional counselling d. it is acceptable only when the counsellor and the client are the same gender e. should be confined to a hand shake, but only if initiated by the client (Answer: “b” page 5) 7. Absolute confidentiality means a. counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency b. counsellors cannot share information with anyone c. counsellors can share information only within the agency d. counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court e. counsellors must consult supervisors before sharing information (Answer: “b” page 6) 8. Relative confidentiality means a. counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency b. counsellors cannot share information with anyone c. counsellors can share information with their clients’ family members d. counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court e. confidentiality cannot be guaranteed because of legal constraints Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-4 (Answer: “e” page 6) 9. The Tarasoff case established a. the “duty to warn” principle b. that professionals must maintain absolute confidentiality c. criteria for reporting child abuse and neglect d. protection for counsellors who maintain relationship confidentiality e. none of the above (Answer: “a” page 6) 10. The principle that clients have a right to freedom of choice is known as a. empowerment b. self-determination c. informed consent d. advocacy e. ethics (Answer: “b” page 9) 11. Professional values are concerned with: a. rules governing confidentiality b. the importance of choice c. a reflection of what the profession considers important d. the benefits of counseling e. the price of counselling (Answer: “c” page 8) 12. Which of the following best defines the term self-determination? a. acknowledgment that clients have a right to make their own decision b. respect for cultural and other diversity variables c. recognition that every client is different d. belief in the dignity of clients e. goal setting (Answer: “a” page 9) 10. Objectivity is a. the capacity to understand without imposing bias or distortion b. treating clients as objects Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-5 c. setting goals for counseling d. allowing clients to disagree e. imposing personal ideas (Answer: “a” page 15) 11. Non-maleficence means a. honour the clients’ right to self-determination b. gender equality c. do no harm d. the importance of everyone getting the same treatment e. using advocacy to promote client rights (Answer: “c”, page 12) 12. Regression involves a. refusing to acknowledge the existence of feelings or problems b. returning to behaviour from an earlier stage of one’s life c. not thinking about stressful thoughts or feelings d. shifting emotions from one person or object to another e. developing excuses (Answer: “b” page 23) 13. Rationalization involves a. intelligent thinking about problems b. denial c. objectivity d. conscious use of skills e. using excuses to protect self-image (Answer: “e” page 23) 14. Suppression involves a. avoiding painful thoughts by not thinking about them b. putting clients down c. pushing clients to discuss painful feelings d. confrontation e. refusing to acknowledge the existence of problems (Answer: “a” page 23) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-6 15. Vicarious trauma is best described as a. burnout b. lack of self-awareness c. the damage done to clients by incompetent professional d. emotional, cognitive and physical damage arising from hearing client stories e. survivor guilt (Answer: “d” page 27) True-False Questions 1. Vicarious trauma is another name for burnout 2. Clients must be assured that everything they say is subject to absolute confidentiality. 3. The Tarasoff case led to the “duty to warn” principle. 4. Values are legal constraints on practice. 5. The first step to resolving any ethical dilemma is to gather facts. 6. Objectivity is a violation of the ethical principles of most professional associations. 7. Dual relationships are prohibited by professional codes. 8. Self-awareness is desirable but not essential for competent practice 9. Defence mechanisms were first described by Sigmund Freud 10. Competent counsellors are perfectionistic. 11. Counsellor needs may interfere with counselling. 12. Self-determination implies that a counsellors work hard to insure that goals are met. 13. Ethical dilemmas arise when a choice must be made between competing values and courses of action 14. Advocacy skills can help promote client self-determination 15. Counsellors must treat clients fairly, regardless of their personal feels toward them. Answers: True – 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15; False – 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Short Answer Questions 1. What is the difference between burnout and vicarious trauma? Answer: Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion. Burnout can adversely affect health and lead to a range of emotional problems such as anxiety, inability to cope with the normal demands of work, depression, excessive worry, discouragement, pessimism toward clients, loss of a sense of purpose, general irritability, and an inability to find joy in one’s career or life. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-7 Vicarious trauma occurs when people in the helping professions develop the same symptoms as their clients who have been traumatized. 2. Define what is meant by the terms values and ethics? Answer: Ethics are concerned with proper conduct whereas values concern what people consider worthwhile. 3. Define dual relationship. Answer: A relationship where there is both a counselling role and some other role such as business, social, sexual. All professions caution or forbid practitioners from entering into dual relationships. However, the unique demands of working in small towns or rural settings may make some dual relationships unavoidable. 4. Discuss what is meant by the term self-determination. Answer: Self-determination prioritizes clients’ rights to autonomy and freedom of choice. Self-determination is enhanced when counsellors help clients access or identify resources. 5. List the steps to resolving ethical dilemmas. Answer: Step One: gather facts; Step Two: Identify ethical issues and violations; Step Three: Identify possible options and strategies. Action steps should also consider the benefits, risks and possible outcomes of any action. By definition, an ethical dilemma involves a tough decision between competing interests or values. 6. List some ways that counsellors can lose objectivity Answer: Making assumptions based on incomplete information, simplistic reasoning, or bias; over-identification, over-involvement. Paper Topics and Research Projects 1. Develop a personal wellness plan for dealing with the challenges and stress of working as a counsellor. 2. Write a paper based on interviews one or more counsellors from the field regarding ethical dilemmas they have faced. Consider questions such as: • What were the competing values and alternative courses of action that had to be considered? • How was the dilemma resolved? • What were the risks and benefits of the chosen course of action? • What might you have done? Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-8 2. Discuss the ethical and value issues associated with providing help to homeless people who choose not to enter a shelter during cold Canadian winters. 3. Identify a range of strategy choices for effecting change within organizations. How might your approach differ if you were employed by the organization targeted for change? 4. Who should get the service? The client most in need of it, but least likely to succeed or the one most likely to succeed. Develop sample guidelines for a hypothetical agency that outlines which clients should get service. Assume that the agency can only meet 50% of its requests for service. 7. Use concepts from Chapter 1 to write a paper that answers the question “who am I?” As part of this, explore your personal values and beliefs including how they might help and hinder your work as a counsellor. 8. Review the code of ethics for your discipline. Identify what you consider to be the 5 most important principles. What is your rationale for choosing each one? Identify ethical dilemmas that might arise related to these principles. 9. Essay topic: The ethics of online counselling: Issues, challenges, opportunities. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-8 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Test Bank Multiple Choice Questions 1. Research on the brain has demonstrated that counselling a. stimulates neurogenesis b. cannot stimulate neurogenesis c. does not result in fundamental changes to the brain d. should be supplemented with appropriate medication e. can dampen the effects of medication (Answer: “a”: page 34) 2. Psychotherapy a. targets only the behavioural domain b. targets severe emotional difficulties c. focuses on working with psychopaths d. usually utilizes Freudian techniques e. uses advocacy to effect systemic change (Answer: “b”: page 35) 3. Which of the following statements is true? a. counsellors are versatile, but psychotherapists use only standardized techniques b. there is no clear dividing line between the terms “counselling” and “psychotherapy” and they are often used interchangeably c. counsellors pay attention to the social environment d. psychotherapists prescribe medicine e. psychotherapy requires a degree in medicine (Answer: “b”: page 35) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-9 4. A “one-size-fits-all” approach to counselling a. respects diversity b. recognizes the importance of equal treatment for all clients c. insures uniformity in the application of principles d. prevents counsellors from tailoring their approach to meet the needs of individual clients. e. is a requirement of all ethical codes (Answer: “d”: page 36) 5. Brief counselling a. is seldom effective b. offers potential for many positive outcome c. should only be offered by seasoned professionals d. unethical e. works best when the emphasis is not on feelings (Answer: “b”: page 38) 6. The term “positive regard” is best defined as a. being real and honest with clients b. remaining optimistic c. recognizing the inherent worth of people d. paying attention to strengths e. none of the above (Answer: “c”: page 43) 7. Which of the following is a core condition a. silence b. asking questions c. attending d. summarizing e. genuineness (Answer: “e”: page 43) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-10 8. Attending means a. contracting re: role and purpose b. showing up on time c. modifying one’s approach to meet individual needs d. communicating physical and psychological interest e. focusing on key aspects of the interview (Answer: “d”: page 43) 9. Paraphrasing is a. a restatement that clarifies the essence of what a client has said b. one of the core conditions described by Rogers c. repeating verbatim what a client has expressed d. condensing essential content e. an incomplete sentence (Answer: “a”: page 44) 10. Empowering skills a. help clients develop control and self-esteem b. are an abuse of power c. helps counsellors manage the flow of the interview d. require involuntary clients to accept counselling e. are strictly prohibited by professional codes of ethics (Answer: “a”: page 46) 11. Which of the following is an example of a directive? a. How do you feel? b. What do you expect to achieve from counselling? c. It sounds like you are feeling sad d. “Uh huh” e. Tell me more (Answer: “e”: page 45) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-11 12. According to the text, which of the following is a phase of counselling? a. transition b. normative c. consolidation d. adjunct e. action (Answer: “e”: page 48) 13. A trauma-informed approach a. recognizes that people respond in unique ways to trauma b. requires that counsellors assume responsibility for client decisions c. insures psychological safety before dealing with basic needs d. requires that all traumatized clients are referred for psychological evaluation e. minimizes pressure on clients to make choices (Answer: “a”: page 38) 14. Catharsis is best described as a. a mental disorder b. a brain test c. suppression of feelings d. release of feelings e. emphasis on Catholic doctrine (Answer: “d”: page 55) 15. Pseudo-counselling is a. counselling based on Freudian principles b. the “illusion of work” c. counselling performed by licensed professionals d. counselling performed by unlicensed professionals e. a counselling approach developed by Carl Rogers (Answer: “b”: page 59) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-12 True-False Questions 1. All human behaviour has a purpose. 2. Counsellors should be consistent in their use of skills regardless of the motivation of their clients. 3. Professional counsellors must attain competence in all areas of the work. 4. The goal of counselling is client and counsellor empowerment 5. A one-size-fits-all model of counselling insures that people are treated equally. 6. Attending communicates physical and psychological presence. 7. Genuineness is the capacity to be real and consistent with clients. 8. Active listening requires counsellors to do most of the talking. 9. Silence in counselling should be avoided if it makes clients uncomfortable. 10. Counsellors should routinely self-disclose as a way of reminding clients that they are human. 11. Each phase of counselling is distinguished by different activities and skills. 12. The skill of tuning in is used to anticipate feelings and concerns that clients might bring to the interview. 13. Catharsis happens when clients experience release from talking about problems. 14. The core conditions are questioning, appropriate use of silence, and empowerment. 15. Defence mechanisms are problematic ways of responding to stress. Answers: True – 1, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13; False – 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15 Short Answer Questions 1. List some ways that clients can be helped even if their involvement with a counsellor is brief ▪ When clients are ambivalent about change, support from the relationship can tip the scales in favour of change by creating an atmosphere of trust and safety. ▪ Counsellors can motivate by conveying optimism that change can occur, particularly when they focus on client strengths, not weaknesses. ▪ Short sessions can provide an outlet for clients to ventilate feelings. ▪ Counsellor empathy and nonjudgmental responses help clients accept their feelings as normal. ▪ Questions and reflective responses can help clients organize ideas and plan for systematic change. ▪ A client’s way of thinking about a problem and its resolution can shift when counsellors offer fresh ideas or reframed reflections (i.e., looking at a problem from a new perspective). Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-13 ▪ Counsellors can help remove barriers to change through information or the provision of resources 2. List the four phases of counselling? What skills are associated with each phase? Answer: Preliminary, beginning, action, ending. 3. Identify the six skills associated with active listening. Answer: attending, paraphrasing, summarizing, questioning, empathy, silence. 4. Explain why good listening requires counsellors to be good responders. Answer: Questions insure the comprehension is complete. Summarizing, paraphrasing and empathy confirm understanding and act to encourage further expression when they are presented nonjudgmental. 5. What is the strengths approach to counselling? Answer: This approach assumes that people have capacity and resources that can be utilized for problem solving. Counsellors look for every opportunity to recognize and mobilize client strengths. 6. Identify some of the reasons why counselling might be unsuccessful. Answer: Client variables such as blaming others, unrealistic expectations, poor motivation, unconscious self-sabotage, destructive personality, organic factors and poor capacity for insight. Counsellor variables such as burnout, vicarious trauma, personal problems, and loss of objectivity. Common mistakes such as advice giving, pseudo-counselling, and rescuing. 7. What are the key features of trauma-informed approach to counselling? Answer: Trauma awareness, emphasis on safety and trustworthiness, opportunity for client choice and collaboration, and a strengths-based focus. Paper Topics and Research Projects 1. Choose one of the success tips in this chapter to explore in an extended essay. 2. Explore the use and misuse of counsellor power and authority 3. Imagine that you are seeing a counsellor for the first time. Explore your fears and expectations regarding the counselling process. Discuss what counsellor attitudes, skills and responses you would find most helpful. How do you think your experience might be the same or different for other people? Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 2 The Skills, Process and Pitfalls for Counselling Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 2-14 4. Review how the terms “counselling” and “psychotherapy” are defined and discussed in professional books and articles. Conclude your paper by offering your own definition of each. 3. The textbook emphasizes the importance of counsellor versatility. Write an essay that supports this notion. Use concrete examples to support your arguments. 4. One essential theme of the text is that effective counsellors need to be versatile and not rely on a “one size fits all” approach to clients. Our natural tendency to repeat our comfort style acts against the goal of versatility. For example, many people tend to be quiet when they first meet people, then open up as they become more relaxed. For many situations, this is a good way to begin relationships, but it is not the only choice. Consider, for example, that in some social service encounters with clients, the preferred choice is for the counsellor to more extroverted in order to reach out to quieter or isolated clients. We assume that not all people will respond favourably to your preferred style and situational variables may require different approaches. Consequently, it is important to develop a range of different strategy choices for handling beginnings so that you are not locked into repeating the same established pattern each time. • Identify a skill that you wish to develop. • Detail your rationale (reasons) for picking this particular skill. Include some discussion of your current limitations. • Describe your typical use (or non-use) of this skill. • Discuss the circumstances (with reference to clients) you might encounter in a social service setting) under which your typical style might be an asset and a limitation. Be specific. • Identify a goal for development. This goal will represent a style choice that you wish to add to your skill repertoire. • Outline an action plan for reaching your goal. 5. Write a paper that explores the risks of burnout and vicarious trauma. Identify a range of strategies that counsellors can use to avoid these unfortunate outcomes, then adapt these to develop your own plan of prevention. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-15 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Test Bank Chapter Three Relationship: The Foundation for Change Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the following is considered a “core condition?” a. unconditional positive regard b. confrontation c. active listening d. self-disclosure e. contracting (Answer: “a”, page 70) 2. According to Rogers, genuineness is a. a measurement of the validity of counselling b. the extent to which the counselling relationship can be sustained over time c. being real and authentic d. a learned skill e. whether counsellors have proper credentials (Answer: “c”, page 72) 3. Unconditional positive regard is a. the extent that clients are open and honest b. the extent that counsellor responses are real and authentic c. the need to work from a recognized theory-based model d. a counsellor’s ability to think objectively e. accepting the client as a person of worth and dignity (Answer: “e”, page 79) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-16 4. The counselling contract a. should be strictly adhered to in order to maintain focus and purpose b. is prepared by the counsellor c. may change over the life of the relationship or even in a single session d. should remain relatively intact as counselling progresses e. none of the above (Answer: “c”, page 73) 5. A counselling contract is best described as a. a negotiated agreement between clients and counsellors b. the professional code of ethics c. an intake interview d. short-term counselling e. legal issues that influence the helping relationship (Answer: “a”, page 73) 6. An anticipatory contract a. measures client motivation b. signals readiness to provide service c. presents details on the services available at the agency d. seeks agreement on how future events might be handled. e. looks at how past experiences have impacted client expectations (Answer: “d”, page 76) 7. Abraham Maslow is famous for developing a. modern theories of counselling b. procedures for working with resistant clients c. human stages of growth and development d. theories on the nature of counselling relationships e. the hierarchy of needs (Answer: “e”, page 78) 8. Immediacy involves a. providing quick service in crisis situations b. evaluating and deepening relationships Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-17 c. focusing on problem solving d. anticipatory contracting e. evidence-based service delivery (Answer: “b”, page 78) 9. A dependent relationship is a. a sign that the client is overly reliant on the counsellor for decision making b. a desirable outcome of effective counselling c. part of the contract d. inevitable in counselling e. necessary for promoting client self-determination (Answer: “a”, page 83) 10. Transference is a term first introduced by a. Abraham Maslow b. Socrates c. Bob Shebib d. Freud e. a Canadian social worker in 1950 (Answer: “d”, page 84) 11. Which of the following might signal transference or countertransference? a. strong feelings of attraction or anger b. addiction c. learned helplessness d. presence of a mental disorder e. immediacy (Answer: “a”, page 84-86) 12. Countertransference involves a. strategies for dealing with transference b. the tendency of counsellors to inappropriately shift feelings to clients c. resistance to referral d. intake bias e. failure to utilize the strengths approach (Answer: “b” page 86) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-18 13. Counsellor self-disclosure a. is unprofessional and prohibited by codes of ethics b. should be routine and consistent with each client c. is appropriate only after a trusting relationship is achieved d. is best confined to the action stage as a way to model expected outcomes e. has the potential to be an important part of counselling (Answer: “e”, page 82-83) 14. Counsellor self-disclosure should a. shift the focus from the client to the counsellor b. only meet the needs of the client c. meet both client and counsellor needs d. be used routinely with all clients as a way to model genuineness e. not require counsellors to reveal feelings (Answer, “b”, page 87) 15. Which of the following is a task of the ending phase? a. dealing with feelings about the ending b. review of the extent that goals have been reached c. referral d. relationship closure e. all of the above (Answer: “e”, page 88-91) True-False Questions 1. The stage for the relationship is set before a counsellor’s first meeting with a client. 2. Immediacy is a commitment to provide prompt service. 3. Setting goals is a core condition. 4. Carl Rogers is the founder of client-centred therapy. 5. Counsellors should avoid discussion of their clients’ past experiences with counselling. 6. Contracts can focus on relationships, the work to be done, or the potential problems that might be encountered. 7. Counsellor self-disclosure violates ethical standards prohibiting dual relationships. 8. Basic survival is the first priority of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-19 9. Transference involves referring clients for appropriate community support. 10. A dependent relationship is necessary in the beginning phase in order to meet the goals of counselling. 11. The ending phase may trigger powerful feelings for both clients and counsellors. 12. Relationship work is best confined to the beginning and action phases of counselling. 13. Contracting can empower clients. 14. Sessional contracts answer the question, “What are we hoping to talk about and accomplish today?” 15. Unconditional positive regard is judgmental. Answers: True - 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 14; False - 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15 Short Answer Questions 1. Describe the types of counselling contracts. Answer: Relationship contracts define how the counsellor and the client will work together. Such variables as communication style, personal values, differences (gender, age, race, etc.) and past experiences with counselling can be explored. Anticipatory contracts involve planning for predictable events (e.g., obstacles, giving feedback). Work contracts focus on the overall objectives of counselling. Sessional contracts concern the work that will be done in the current session or interview. 2. Suggest statements and questions that a counsellor might use to initiate anticipatory contracting with clients who have had problems such as, anger management, compliance with medication, relapse from drug recovery, etc. Answer: • What do you need from me if you are off your medication? • Suppose I am with you when you are angry. What should I do? • Imagine that you have had a relapse. At that point, predict what I might do to help you get back to recovery. 3. What is the difference between transference and countertransference. Give examples from your own life that illustrate each concept. Answer: Transference refers the natural tendency of clients to communicate with their counsellors in the same way they communicated with significant people in their past. It might involve a full range of feelings from attraction to aversion. Countertransference is a similar concept, but it involves inappropriate transfer of feelings from counsellors to clients. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-20 4. Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Answer: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ranks orders needs in terms of priority. Maslow theorizes that lower order needs must be satisfied before pursuing higher order needs. Thus counsellors should address unmet needs as a first priority. 5. Describe the work of the ending phase and how it can benefit clients Answer: review of goals, procedures for further contact, referral, relationship closure, including discussion of feelings and unfinished business. Handled properly, the ending phase presents an opportunity to help clients to deal with the pain of loss and ending as well as setting goals and plans for next steps in their lives. 6. What are some important considerations for relationships with youth? Answer: need for clear boundaries; limits on confidentiality; recognition of possible history of abuse and neglect and the need for a trauma-informed approach; trust issues; importance of a warm, trusting and predictable relationship for adolescents during a time of rapid emotional, social and physical change. Paper Topics and Research Projects 1. Prepare a report with one detailed example illustrating the development of a relationship with a client (successful or unsuccessful.) Include a typescript of relevant dialogue with your analysis of the interaction. What did you learn from this experience? 2. Work with a partner to negotiate a relationship contract. Prepare a video illustrating your work (maximum 10 minutes.) Submit a report that discusses your use of skills and an analysis of the effectiveness of your work. 3. Beginnings: Self-Awareness and Goal Setting Exercise This assignment has two purposes: a. to increase your self-awareness regarding how you handle beginnings (most of us tend to repeat established patterns). b. to start the process of developing a range of different skills and strategies for handling beginnings. Not all clients will respond favourably to your preferred style and situational variables may require different approaches. Consequently, it is important to develop a range of different strategy choices for handling beginnings so that you are not locked into repeating the same established pattern each time. Describe how you typically handle beginnings. Include details regarding your behaviour (verbal and nonverbal), your feelings, and your thoughts. What first Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 3 Relationship: The Foundation for Change Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 3-21 impressions are you likely to leave with others? You might find it useful to interview others (e.g., classmates). Discuss the circumstances (with reference to clients) you might encounter in a social service setting) under which your typical style might be an asset and a limitation. Be specific. Identify a goal for development (related to how you handle beginnings.) This goal will represent a style choice that you wish to add to your skill repertoire. 4. Endings: Self-Awareness and Goal Setting Exercise This assignment has two purposes: a. to increase your self-awareness regarding how you handle endings (most of us tend to repeat established patterns). b. to start the process of developing a range of different skills and strategies for handling endings. Not all clients will respond favourably to your preferred style and situational variables may require different approaches. Consequently, it is important to develop a range of different strategy choices for handling endings so that you are not locked into repeating the same established pattern each time. Reflect how you have typically handled endings (e.g., death, end of a relationship, long separations). Include details regarding your behaviour (verbal and nonverbal), your feelings, and your thoughts. Discuss the circumstances (with reference to clients) you might encounter in a social service setting) under which your typical style might be an asset and a limitation. Be specific. Identify a goal for development (related to how you handle endings.) This goal will represent a style choice that you wish to add to your skill repertoire. 5. Write a paper illustrates (include detailed practice or hypothetical case examples) how you might utilize Maslow’s Hierarchy in your work as a counsellor. Your work should also include a critical evaluation of this theory including examples that illustrate how and when people might sacrifice lower level needs to realize higher order needs. 6. Write an essay detailing the unique challenges of working with one of the following groups: a. Youth b. Seniors c. Women d. Men Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-22 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Test Bank Chapter Four Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Multiple Choice Questions 1. Listening requires a. disengaging from the perspective of the other person b. hearing both verbal and nonverbal messages c. interpreting meaning from your perspective d. absolute silence e. helping others to understand your point of view (Answer: “b”, page 95) 2. Compared to the visual circuit of the brain, the auditory circuit responds a. simultaneously b. five times slower c. about ten times faster d. sometimes slower, sometimes faster e. without regard to past learning (Answer: “c”, page 98) 3. Good listeners a. predict what others might say b. use skills such as summarizing and questions to insure they understand c. make assumptions based on past experiences d. remain silent e. offer advice to help clients solve problems (Answer: “b”, page 98- 99) 4. Closed-minded listeners are a. open to new perspectives Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-23 b. able to control their own assumptions c. unable to embrace new ideas d. recognize that everyone’s frame of reference is different e. able to focus without allowing distractions (Answer: “c”, page 98) 5. Attending is best described as a. encouraging clients to adhere to the work ethic b. making appropriate use of silence c. controlling the interviewing with questions and directives d. the way counsellors communicate to clients that they are ready, willing, and able to listen e. managed involvement (Answer: “d”, page 103) 6. “Attended Silence” means a. controlling internal and external distraction during silent moments b. being physically present during the interview c. using questions to understand the meaning of silence d. keeping quiet e. allowing silence to continue indefinitely (Answer: “a”, page 112) 7. An “egocentric” counsellor a. focuses all their attention on the client b. ensures that goal setting is remains a central focus c. hears only messages that support established opinions and beliefs d. utilizes best-practice tools and techniques e. builds the counselling relationship using active listening skills (Answer: “c” page 105) 8. Paraphrasing describes a. restating a client’s words in one’s own words b. asking questions Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-24 c. the use of idioms d. “attended silence” e. responses which focus on client feelings (Answer: “a”, page 117) 9. Proxemics describes a. how people use space and distance b. setting goal priorities c. body language d. cultural norms with respect to body language e. how close agencies are situated relative to their clients (Answer: “a”, page 109) 10. Metacommunication is best defined as a. speech punctuated by metaphors b. effective use of silence c. the message that is heard beyond the words that are spoken d. grandiose thinking e. using a broad range of communication and counselling skills (Answer: “c”, page 111) 11. Metacommunication is a. a sign that the counsellor is incompetent b. is a rare occurrence when counsellors are well-trained c. can reasonably be ignored d. a signal that counselling is successful e. may arise from multiple factors (Answer: “e”, page 111) 12. Which of the following is an example of a paraphrase a. can you describe it differently? b. looking at things from a different angle, you seem to be saying…. c. you’re feeling angry. d. tell me more. e. That’s not right. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-25 (Answer: “b”, page 117-118) 13. After listening patiently to a client, a counsellor restated the main ideas. This is an example of a. empathy b. content summary c. paraphrase d. theme summary e. parroting (Answer: “b”, page 120) 14. Which of the following statements about content summaries is true? a. they make judgments about relevance b. they are risky and should be avoided c. they focus only on feelings d. they are useful for organizing ideas and data e. they are edited for essential themes (Answer: “d”, page 120) 15. Selective attention a. is a sign that counsellors are not listening b. enables counsellors to screen out verbal and nonverbal cues that are unimportant c. helps counsellors to hear all of what has been said d. is a mental disorder involving hallucinations e. must be avoided (Answer: “b”, page 104) True-False Questions 1. Listening means agreeing. 2. Active listening means remaining silent 3. Previous experience influences what we pay attention to 4. Good listeners screen out nonverbal communication to avoid becoming distracted. 5. We can never perfectly understand how other people experience their world. 6. Active listening involves hearing what is said as well as what is left unsaid. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-26 7. Active listening is not helpful for defusing critical incidents such as negotiating the release of hostages. 8. Attending refers to the natural tendency of counsellors to be distracted by their own issues. 9. Silence in counselling is generally an indication that something has gone wrong. 10. Nonverbal cues can reveal the meaning of silence. 11. Kinesics concerns the power and energy that counsellors bring to the session. 12. Proxemics describes how people use space and distance. 13. When counsellors paraphrase they repeat verbatim what they have heard. 14. Selective perception describes the natural tendency to screen out irrelevant information. 15. Content summaries require an unedited condensing of the client’s words. Answers: True: 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 15; False: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13. Short Answer Questions 1. Explain how egocentricity can adversely affect counselling. Answer: When counsellors only hear ideas and feelings that support their own established opinions and beliefs, they are unable to learn from or empathize with their clients effectively. 2. What is metacommunication. Give an example. Answer: Metacommunication is how the message is heard which may differ sharply from what is said. For example, a teacher may simply ask to see a student after class, but the what the student hears is “Please see me after class. You are in trouble.” (metacommunication in italics) 3. What is the difference between a content summary and a theme summary? Answer: Content summaries are unedited summaries of a client’s words. Theme summaries edit unnecessary detail by identifying the key patterns and areas of urgency 4. Explain how nonverbal communication impacts communication. What are some of the elements of nonverbal communication? Answer: It may confirm, contradict, or embellish content. It can substitute for verbal messages or it may convey important information about the sender’s feelings. 5. List six common meanings of client silence in counselling. Suggest strategy choices for dealing with each. Answer: The client is thinking, unsure what say or do, encountering painful feelings, dealing with issues of trust, quiet by nature, or the topic has reached closure. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-27 6. What is the difference between paraphrasing and repetition? Answer: While paraphrasing provides an opportunity for clients to hear their words and ideas from a different angle while repetition simply repeats what has been said. Paraphrasing tends to promote insight as well as further discussion and elaboration. 7. What is role bias? Answer: Counsellors will pay more attention to cues that are consistent with their professional focus, training, and responsibility. An employment counsellor will be interested in career and vocational data, whereas a marriage counsellor will be more alert to information on familial communication. This is necessary and appropriate; however, attending to one issue runs the risk that other important areas for inquiry are overlooked. For example, an employment counsellor who does not recognize the symptoms of a mental disorder or substance abuse will have limited effectiveness when dealing with clients who have these issues. Paper Topics and Research Projects 1. Choose one of the success tips in this chapter for extended discussion. 2. Prepare a report on how good listening skills can be used for conflict resolution. Use illustrative examples. 3. Work with a colleague and record a ten-minute interview where you focus on using summarizing and paraphrasing skills. Include a typescript of relevant dialogue with your analysis of the interaction. Submit a report that discusses your use of skills and an analysis of the effectiveness of your work. What did you learn from this experience? Typically, you will see both positive and negative elements. In either case you will want to understand what happened so that you may generalize and apply your learning to other helping situations. Attempt to identify and support viable alternative responses, i.e. what might you have said or done differently. Often there may be several perspectives on the same event. Attempt to increase your objectivity by considering alternate points of view or explanations. As well, consider your feelings and biases and how these assisted or hindered the work. Try to use supplemental books and articles from the library to support your ideas. 4. Critically evaluate your ability to listen effectively. What elements of the six skills of active listening do you think you need to develop? Seek feedback from others. Suggest goals for developing your listening skills. 5. Explore the nature of nonverbal communication in a selected different culture. Try to have at least one interview with a member of this culture. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 4 Listening & Responding: The Basis for Understanding Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 4-28 6. Prepare a ½ hour PowerPoint Presentation on effective listening. Include a maximum of ten slides with no more than 30 words on each slide. 7. Interview people who describe themselves as quiet. Explore the principal reasons why they tend to be quiet. Consider specific reasons related to issues such as (but not restricted to) selfesteem, inner dialogue, culture, social learning, and the behaviour of others. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-29 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Test Bank Chapter Five Interviewing Skills: The Search for Meaning Multiple Choice Questions 1. As a rule, open questions are a. best avoided in the early phases of the interview b. difficult to answer with a simple yes or no c. problematic because they lead clients to the “expected answer.” d. best utilized only after a trusting relationship is established e. the best tool for obtaining specific information (Answer: “b”, page 128) 2. Which of the following is an example of an open question? a. Tell me more. b. How do you think you should respond? c. Were you the first one to notice the problem? d. I’d be interested in hearing more about this? e. It seems like you are felling quite distressed. (Answer: “b”, page 128) 3. Which of the following is an example of a closed question? a. Are you going to look for work today? b. Perhaps it’s time to end our session. c. Why not? d. What prompted you to act? e. Where on earth did you get that idea? (Answer: “a”, page 127-128) 4. Closed questions a. usually begin with “Who” “What” “Where” When” or “Why” b. encourage clients to give detailed answers c. can be answered with a “yes” or “no” Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-30 d. manipulate clients to give the correct answer e. should not be used in counselling (Answer: “c”, page 128) 5. Indirect questions a. are statements that have the same effect as questions b. are used to provide essential focus to the interview c. establish counsellor control of the interview d. should be avoided because they are confusing to clients e. can be answered yes or no (Answer: “a”, page 123) 6. Which of the following is an example of an indirect question? a. My opinion is that you should tell him yourself. b. Why don’t you deal with him instead of his wife? c. Do you think it might be possible? d. I’m curious about your ideas? e. How often do you think you might get a chance like that? (Answer: “d” page 129) 7. Leading questions a. manipulate clients b. promote the change process c. communicate to clients that we are following their directions d. promote client self-determination e. are essential for focusing the interview (Answer: “a”, page 135) 8. Which of the following is an example of a leading question? a. How do you feel? b. What do you think you should do? c. Don’t you think you should tell her? d. Why don’t you tell me what your preference is? e. Go on, tell me more. (Answer: “c”, page 135-135) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-31 9. The cognitive domain is concerned with a. thinking b. behaviour c. feelings d. where clients live e. thinking, feelings, and behaviour (Answer: “a”, page 132) 10. The question, “What are you thinking?” is an example of an a. open question targeting the behavioural domain b. open question targeting the affective domain. c. embedded question targeting the cognitive domain d. open question targeting the cognitive domain e. indirect question targeting the affective domain (Answer: “d”, page 128 - 129) 11. To manage a rambling interview, one strategy that a counsellor can use is to a. ask more closed questions b. use open questions to give clients a chance to tell their stories c. extend the interview time frame d. be flexible to allow the client to stay in control e. share their anger with the client (Answer: “a”, page 142) 12. With respect to interviewing youth a. core conditions are less important b. counsellors need to define the contract c. closed questions are preferred d. they may have intense reactions to seemingly innocuous issues e. the relationship should resemble a personal friendship (Answer: “d”, page 143-144) 13. According to Shulman, the illusion of work happens when a. counsellors do not fulfill their commitments b. conversations are empty and meaningless c. counsellors operate outside of their range of competence Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-32 d. clients lie about the progress they are making e. all of the above (Answer: “b”, page 149) 14. Which of the following is an example of a directive? a. It sounds like you are feeling sad. b. What do you mean? c. Did you mean to say that you are finished with the relationship? d. What are you going to do? e. Tell me more. (Answer: “e” page 151) 15. According to the text, which of the following is a type of interview transition? a. unexpected b. strategic c. empathic d. self-initiated e. purposeful (Answer: “b” pages 153-156) True-False Questions 1. Multiple questions should be avoided unless they are complementary. 2. Catharsis is a medical test that measure cognitive capacity. 3. A good interviewer can rely exclusively on questions. 4. Genuineness means be real and open. 5. “Why” questions are effective for promoting insight. 6. Closed questions are a good way to encourage clients to share details. 7. “W-5" questions are always open questions. 8. Concreteness refers to counsellor rigidity. 9. Indirect questions are manipulative. 10. Jargon refers to the unique words and language that professionals use. 11. The cognitive domain is associated with how people feel. 12. The affective domain is concerned with how people impact others. 13. Phase transitions move the interview from one phase to another. Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-33 14. The affective domain concerns emotions. 15. “Tell me more” is an example of a directive. Answers: True: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15; False: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12. Short Answer Questions 1. What are four major reasons for asking questions? Answer: gathering information, providing focus, promoting insight, and catharsis. 2. What are some of the pitfalls of questioning? Answer: Asking leading questions which bias answers; excessive questioning which leave clients feeling bombarded; asking multiple questions which overwhelm or confuse clients; irrelevant or poorly timed questions, and “why” questions which may be experienced by clients as demands for justification. 3. Describe the different types of questions and their use. Answers: Open questions begin with who, what, where, when, why, or how, and they encourage more expansive answers. Closed questions can be answered with a yes or no and they typically begin with words such as can, did, have, is, will, would, and do. They are useful when specific information is needed. Indirect questions are really statements that act as questions. They soften the interview by removing an interrogative tone that can arise from excessive questioning. Competent counsellors make intelligent choices on which type of question to use including whether questioning is appropriate or not. 4. What are the six key questions for every interview? Answer: They represent key reference points for major tasks to be accomplished during any given interview. 1. What brings you here today? 2. What are your expectations of me? 3. What do I need to know about your situation? 4. What do you mean by ...? 5. What did we accomplish? 6. What have we missed? Question 1 helps to establish direction and goals for the interview. Question 2 clarifies roles. Question 3 helps counsellors learn and it helps clients “tell their stories” which Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-34 is often a very significant aspect of growth. Question 5 is used to review and evaluate progress as well as the relationship. Question 6 insures that nothing important was over looked. 5. For each of the six key questions listed in question 4, suggest an alternative. Answer: • What motivated you to come for counselling? • How do you think I might work with you on your issues? • Can you tell me the most important things I need to know? • Can you clarify…? • What progress have we made towards your goals? • What remains to be discussed? 6. How can counsellors promote concreteness? Answer: With questions; probes for detail and examples; exploration of feelings, thoughts, and behaviour, and with the use of summarizing and paraphrasing responses. 7. List 5 major tips for interviewing youth. Answer: See Table 5.2 on page 134. Paper Topics and Research Projects 1. Write a report with one detailed example illustrating your use of interviewing questions. Include a typescript of relevant dialogue with your analysis of the interaction. Typically, you will see both positive and negative elements. In either case you will want to understand what happened so that you may generalize and apply your learning to other helping situations. Attempt to identify and support viable alternative responses, i.e. what might you have said or done differently. Often there may be several perspectives on the same event. Attempt to increase your objectivity by considering alternate points of view or explanations. Consider your feelings and biases and how these assisted or hindered the work. Try to use supplemental books and articles from the library to support your ideas. What did you learn from this experience that will help you to become a better counsellor? 2. Monitor your use of questions in everyday life. Look for patterns and habits. For example, do you tend to ask more closed questions than open questions? Do you use questioning as your main communication skill? Spend a full day communicating without questions, but do not reveal to others what you are doing. Write a paper that summarizes and discusses the implications of your observations and experiences. How Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 5 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-35 did the people you interacted with respond? Reflect on the implications of their reactions. 3. Work with a partner to explore an issue or problem that he or she is currently experiencing. Prepare a video illustrating your use of counselling and interviewing skills (maximum 10 minutes). Submit a report that discusses your use of skills and an analysis of the effectiveness of your work. 4. Critically evaluate a television interview using concepts from this chapter. Identify specific skills (types of questions) utilized by the interviewer as well as questioning pitfalls that led to the interview being less effective. To what extent did the interviewer use appropriate responses to promote concreteness? 5. Based on what has been covered so far in this book, compose a paper describing the elements of effective counselling. Describe what you consider to be the five most important concepts and ideas that have been addressed so far in this course. 6. Ask students to identify key world events that have occurred during their lifetimes. Ask them to interview one or more seniors (65+) to discuss explore the significant world events that have occurred during the senior’s lifetime (e.g., assassination of Kennedy, moon landing, the FLQ. Compare to their own significant world events. 7. Prepare an extended paper on one of the success tips from this chapter. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 6-36 Bob Shebib Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, 7/e Test Bank Chapter Six The Pursuit of Empathetic Understanding Multiple Choice Questions 1. Emotional intelligence is defined by Goleman as a. understanding cultural differences with respect to emotions b. one’s ability to identify emotions as they happen c. neural alarms d. being able to switch between the three domains of feelings, behaviour and thinking e. capacity to endure emotional trauma (Answer: “b”, page 163) 2. Which of the following is true with respect to emotional expression? a. cultures are very similar b. most people prefer to keep their emotions private c. there may be wide variations between cultures d. age is not a factor e. research has shown that gender differences are small (Answer: “c”, page 166) 3. Which of the following is true? a. people respond to life style events in their lives with the same emotions b. nonverbal cues have universal meaning c. lack of eye contact is a sign of disrespect d. circumstances and context are not always good predictors of feelings e. all cultures encourage the expression of emotions (Answer: “d” page 166) 4. Ambivalence is best defined as a. emotional intelligence b. the confusion and stress that comes from emotions Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 7 Empathic Connections Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 6-37 c. multiple feelings about the same event or situation d. a mental disorder involving multiple personalities e. the science of culture (Answer: “c”, page 166) 5. Affect describes a. how people express emotions b. how others impact us c. the interaction between counsellors and clients d. successful strategies for intervention e. how we impact others (Answer: “a”, page 168) 6. Flat affect means a. the person has died b. the person has little or no impact on others c. there is an absence of emotional expression d. responses are normal e. emotions fluctuate rapidly (Answer: “c”, page 168) 7. Affective disorders concern a. disturbances in thinking b. disturbances in mood c. the impact of mental disorders on family and friends d. schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses e. phobias (Answer: “b”, page 168) 8. Which of the following is defined in the text as a type of empathy? a. immediacy b. genuineness c. confrontational d. inferred e. compassion (Answer: “d” page 173-178) Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 7 Empathic Connections Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 6-38 9. Invitational empathy a. means waiting for clients to express the need for empathy b. inviting clients to share their feelings c. being sympathetic to the feelings of clients d. responding to a client’s feelings e. suggesting that a client feel a certain way (Answer: “b”, page 174-175) 10. Basic empathy requires counsellors to a. respond to feelings that are explicitly expressed b. respond to nonverbal communication c. pick up on feelings that are avoided d. express sympathy e. keep the conversation on a surface level (Answer: “a”, page 175-176) 11. Inferred empathy a. picks up on nonverbal and other indirect indicators of emotions b. manipulates clients c. should be avoided d. projects feelings on others e. responds to feelings that are clearly expressed (Answer: “a”, page 176-177) 12. Which of the following is most likely to involve the nonverbal channel of communication? a. sympathy b. basic empathy c. invitational empathy d. inferred empathy e. genuineness (Answer: “d”, page 176-177) 13. Which of the following statements is true? a. when clients share feelings, empathy is often the preferred counsellor response Shebib, Choices: Interviewing and Counselling Skills for Canadians, Seventh Canadian Edition Chapter 7 Empathic Connections Copyright © 2020 Pearson Canada Inc. 6-39 b. empathy should be avoided until a trusting relationship is developed c. empathy is always appropriate d. empathy requires that counsellors are willing to share their own emotional reactions e. empathy should be avoided when interviewing criminals (Answer: “a”, page 179) 14. Which of the following best suggests an empathic response? a. You don’t have to feel so sad. b. I know exactly how you feel. c. Your situation makes me feel so upset. d. Don’t feel bad. It’s not your fault e. You seem confused. (Answer: “e”, pages 175-181) 15. Which of the following is an example of inferred empathy? a. I feel sorry for you b. What were your feeling when your first found out c. The way you shake your head suggests that you feel the situation is hopeless d. I’ve often felt exactly the same way e. You should not feel guilty about what happened (Answer: “c”, page 176-177) True-False Questions 1. People in different cultures express emotions in th