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CARD BCAT/RBT Prep Guaranteed A+ What is NET training? Naturalistic Environment Training. Teaching procedures within the natural environment using situations/items that one might already engage with to teach relevant skill targets What are some characteristics of NET? 1) focus on learners current MO and is child directed 2) function relationship between task and reinforcer & natural consequences provided for responses -> EX: learning the color red: receives red crayon 3) taught in child's environment in more of a playful manner 4) ability to reinforce any appropriate attempt to respond and shaping attempts to learn -> not focusing on right/wrong answers and staying away from the informational no What are some disadvantages of NET? -not as structured -MOs/SDs may not present them naturally -need to be more proactive in planning -fewer opportunities for repetition -not always feasible for reinforcers to be functionally related What are some advantages of NET? -MO/EO provides best condition form and training -generalization is occurring naturally in the environment -reduced amount of negative bx -> child is interested in the activity -verbal interaction is a natural component Premack Principle A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior. Think: "First, then schedule" Stimulus Control When an organism behaves in one way when an SD is present and another way in it's absences. Initially, control over a response is lead by a prompt. Transference of Stimulus Control This occurs as a behavior once controlled by a prompt is now controlled by the SD, which is the goal in learning. Prompt Fading When the correct or an appropriate response begins to occur, gradually provide less prompts and an additional level of differential reinforcement Prompt Delay In this procedure, the trainer presents the discriminative stimulus (SD) and then, after a specific interval of time (say, 4 seconds), presents the prompt. The delay between the presentation of the SD and the presentation of the prompt means that as training progresses, the person may make the response before the prompt is given. Stimulus fading The gradual elimination of a stimulus prompt as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus. Prompts made smaller, lighter, less salient What do you include in session notes? -Helps maintain open communication -Describe what occurred during the session -Notes need to be objective, describe what occurred -Any new medication and side effects -If the client became sick/injured -Any changes to the environment/relocation -Any missing stimuli -Anything unusual that occurred What is a BIP? Behavior Intervention Plan: individualized plan for the client that details challenging behaviors. This is written by the BCBA and implemented by the therapists. What are the components of a BIP? -Function fo the behavior -Antecedent modifications -Replacement behaviors -Consequence manipulations -Operation definition of the behavior -The type of data that is to be taken on that behavior and how to track it What happens in the environment to produce a What is an antecedent and it's components? behavior -SD: antecedent stimulus correlated with availability of reinforcement for a particular response class > signals that reinforcement is available -MO: makes the reinforcement more or less desired and behaviors more or less likely to occur -S-Delta: signals reinforcement is not available Errorless learning Most to Least: Prompting beginning at the most invasive prompting on the prompting hierarchy and fading down to the least invasive prompt Error Correction Least to Most: Prompting beginning at the least invasive prompt and moving up the hierarchy as needed to emit the desired response. What is an activity schedule? It is a set of pictures/icons, words or other visual stimuli which represents sequences in a chain. Each step acts as an SD to move onto the next step independently. What is the purpose of an activity schedule? directed activity -Teaches learners to engage in sequence of self--Increases independence and reduces the need for adult supervision -Provides info on what is expected for the day -Opportunity for choice and initiation -Promotes social interactions: conversation and play situations What are the two types of DTT? Simultaneous and Successive When do you use simultaneous DTT? Simultaneous is used when there is a field of vision and the child needs to interact with stimuli. For example: when teaching emotions to a child using emotion cards and the SD is "give me (emotion)" this would be considered simultaneous When do you use successive DTT? Successive is used when there is not a field of vision to interact. For example: imitation training when the SD is "do this" and a child needs to imitate what the therapist is doing. What are the 7 steps for simultaneous DTT? 7 Steps occurs when introducing the first targets 1) MT target 1 alone 2) MT target 1 with unknown distractor (anything that the child has not learned) 3) MT target 2 alone 4) MT target 2 with unknown distractor 5) MT target 1 with known distractor (this would be any related target previously mastered, if nothing has been mastered target 2 may be used as known if it has been successfully mastered target 2 with an unknown distractor from step 4). 6) MT target 2 with known distractor (again same as step 5 can use target 1) 7) RR with all mastered targets (randomly rotate 1 and 2) What are the 4 steps for simultaneous DTT? targets are introduced: 1) MT new target alone 2) MT new target with unknown distractor 3) MT new target with known distractor 4) RR with all mastered targets Occurs AFTER 2 targets have been mastered and new