ABCP Board review 2023//2024

ABCP Board review 2023//2024 The major cation found in extracellular fluid is? a) K+ b) Ca++ c) Mg++ d) Na+ - ANSWER d) Na+ Oxygen delivery will be decreased when a low venous oxygen tension and high venous oxyhemoglobin saturation are present due to: a) increase in P50 b) decrease in P50 c) metabolic alkalosis d) metabolic acidosis - ANSWER c) metabolic alkalosis At a given PO2, increasing PCO2 results in: a) more O2 bound to the hemoglobin b) less O2 bound to hemoglobin c) no effect on amt of O2 bound to hemoglobin d) decrease in P50 - ANSWER b) less O2 bound to the hemoglobin A sample of blood cooled from 37'C will undergo which change? a) CO2 becomes more soluble and PaCO2 decreases b) CO2 becomes less soluble and pH decreases c) CO solubility does not change, bicarbonate increases d) CO2 solubility increases and base excess decreases - ANSWER a) CO2 becomes more soluble and PaCO2 decreases In 85-95% of patients, the circumflex artery supplies the: a) lateral aspect of left ventricle b) entire posterior surface of left ventricle c) posterior ventricular septum d) anterior medial papillary muscle - ANSWER a) the lateral aspect of left ventricle A characteristic of leukocytes is that they are : a) smaller than erythrocytes b) larger than platelets c) uniform in shape d) 700-1200/ml of blood - ANSWER b) larger than platelets The main function of an enzyme is to: a) increase the rate of a biochemical reaction b) initiate a biochemical reaction c) act as a substrate for a biochemical reaction d) alter the equilibrium of biochemical reaction - ANSWER a) increase the rate of biochemical reaction Which of the following is not a normal route for blood return directly to the interior of the heart? a) coronary sinus b) Thebesian veins c) pulmonary veins d) bronchial veins - ANSWER d) bronchial veins The effect of calcium channel-blocking drugs is: a) marked decrease in transmembrane calcium current b) increase in smooth muscle response c) to allow for consistent depolarization of cardiac cells d) increase in cardiac muscle response - ANSWER a) marked decrease in transmembrane calcium current Calan (verapamil) is indicated for which of the following: a) HTN refractory to high doses of beta-adrenergic block agents b) presence of sick sinus syndrome and/ or heart block c) a-fib with rapid ventricular response d) cardiogenic shock induced by coronary artery spasm - ANSWER c) atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response The cardiovascular effect of Inocor (amrinone) include: a) increased systemic vascular resistance b) decreased pulmonary artery pressure c) increased LVEDP d) decreased myocardial oxygen consumption - ANSWER b) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance Which of the following anesthetic agents has the shortest duration of action? a) Sublimaze (fentanyl) b) Ativan (lorazepam) c) Diprivan (propofol) d) Sufenta (sufentanyl) - ANSWER c) Dipravan (propofol) Which of the following effects does NOT occur w/ morphine sulfate? a) increased peripheral vascular resistance b) decreased myocardial O2 consumption c) analgesia d) urinary retention - ANSWER a) increased peripheral vascular resistance Which of the following drugs increase the tolerance of the brain to global ischemia when administered prior to ischemic episode? a) dextrose 50% b) Dilantin (phenytoin) c) Mannitol d) Pentothal (thiopental) - ANSWER d) Pentothal (thiopenthal) Digitalis preparations are most commonly used to: a) increase myocardial contractility and control atrial arrhythmias b) increase SVR resistance and control ventricular arrhythmias c) increase pre-load and control ventricular heart rate d) prevent left atrial thrombus formation and embolization - ANSWER a) increase myocardial contractility and control atrial arrhythmias The most common site of traumatic aortic disruption due to deceleration injury is: a) bwt left carotid and left subclavian arteries b) at origin of left subclavian artery c) btw left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum d) just distal to the ligamentum arteriosum - ANSWER c) btw the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosus Obstruction of blood flow through mitral valve would most likely be caused by a: a) left atrial myxama b) left ventricular tumor c) septal infarct d) ruptured chordae tendinae - ANSWER a) left atrial myxoma