Nats 1670 Final Exam questions and answers 100% guaranteed success.

Nats 1670 Final Exam questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. What was the life expectancy in the early 1900's? - correct answer. Under the age of 50, with a 25% child mortality rate. When was the first vaccine created? - correct answer. 1880 ____________ _____________ can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the lack of __________________. - correct answer. INFECTIOUS DISEASES can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the lack of CONTROL. Upon early discover, microbes were viewed as? - correct answer. Enemies, until used in medicine. What are the beneficial roles of microbes? - correct answer. - waste breakdown/food production - provides protection against more virulent microbe - drug preparation (penicillin, insulin) - making vitamins - digestion What does mutual life mean, when in context with microbes? - correct answer. Microbes keep us alive and we keep them alive. What is a chronic disease? - correct answer. a disease that does NOT kill its host quickly What is an acute disease? - correct answer. A disease that DOES cause death quickly. What does the natural evolution of a microbe operate on? - correct answer. The natural evolution of a microbe operates on its spreading capacity. NOT the ability to cause disease What does microbial natural selection favour? - correct answer. Microbial natural selection favours less or non-violent microbes. Which kind of microbes can live in a host WITHOUT causing damage? - correct answer. Microbes that are well-adapted to its host What epidemics were caused by microbes? - correct answer. - Small Pox - Bubonic Plague - Spanish Influenza What were the three causes that moved society away from Infectious Diseases? - correct answer. - Better Sanitation - Vaccines - Antibiotics Why will society never be clear of infectious diseases? - correct answer. - development of drug resistant strains - outbreaks of existing diseases - New disease causing agents What does Dr. Margret Chan believe will happen in the future? - correct answer. -We risk entering a post-antibiotic era - this will cause an end to modern medicine What is Necrotizing Fasciitis - correct answer. Flesh eating Disease Who is to blame for the development of Drug-resistant strains? - correct answer. - Farmers - Health Workers - Patients - Hospitals What is the man/wild life origin of these dieseases 1) AIDS 2) Saars 3) West Nile Virus (WNV) 4) Influenza 5) Monkey Pox - correct answer. Man Made Wild Life 1) Sexual Activity, Drug addiction, Chimpanzee (SIV) Blood 2) Restaurants, Hotels, Hospitals Bats, Palm civet 3) Tires from Africa Wild Birds 4) Poultry Farms Wild Aquatic Birds 5) Pet Retailers and Stores Wild Rodents in Africa What is Bioterrorism? - correct answer. The intentional release of bacteria or toxins for the purpose of harming or killing Why was the eradication of small pox so successful? - correct answer. - very good vaccine - only has one host: humans 3) Very clear symptoms What are the factors affecting the emergence of disease? - correct answer. - Microbial Adaptation -Drug Resistance -Human Behaviour - International Travel - Sexual Activity - Human Susceptibility to infection - Poverty, Malnutrition, Poor Sanitation - Changing Ecosystems - Global Warming - Climate and Weather - Wars - Bioterrorism What is Light Microscopy - correct answer. - you can only see the shape of the cell Electron Microscopy - correct answer. - allows you to see the inner parts, allowing you to learn more What is a cell - correct answer. the basic unit of life What is a Unicellular cell - correct answer. a single cell organism What is a multi-cellular cell - correct answer. a cell made up of several to billions of cells What is a prokaryote - correct answer. a cell without a nucleus what is a eukaryote - correct answer. a cell with a nucleus What is the plasma membrane - correct answer. - separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment - provides a surface on which chemical reactions occur - regulates passage of materials of the cells - separates cells from one another What is the Membrane Structure - correct answer. a structure of phospholipids is responsible for the basic functions of membranes and barriers between two polar compartments What is a phospolipid? - correct answer. - has one -hyprophilic head (loves H2O) -hydrophobic tail (hates H2O) What is the structure of the plasma membrane - correct answer. HEAD phosphate + glycerol and hydrophilic TAIL hydrophobic portion of two molecules or tend to associate with each other Why is the plasma membrane considered a stable barrier - correct answer. plasma membrane forms a stable barrier between two polar compartments - because the interior of the phospholipid bilayer is occupied by the hydrophobic fatty acid chains, the membrane in impermeable to H2O Why is the plasma membrane a flexible barrier - correct answer. bilayers of naturally occurring phospholipids are flexible jelly-like fluids, not solids What is an organelle - correct answer. provide compartments in which specific cellular activity occurs What is a vesicle - correct answer. - pocket made out of membrane that is separated from the cytoplasm of a cell - a carrier molecule in and out of the cells without crossing the membrane - penetration by fusion What is a Lysosome - correct answer. - the garbage disposal system - breaks down molecules into their base components using strong digestive enzymes What is the Mitochondria - correct answer. - the power house of the cell - generate most of the useful chemical energy derived from the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates How many layers does the mitochondria have - correct answer. Two 1) Inner - strictly regulates types of molecules that can pass through 2) Outer Smoother, small molecules can pass through How did the mitochondria originate - correct answer. when a bacteria cell was consumed What is the Nucleus - correct answer. - the largest orgenelle - contains DNA and RNA and proteins What does all cellular life have in common - correct answer. 1) Cell Membrane 2) Regulates the flow of nutrients and waste 3) contains DNA 4) Several varieties of RNA 5) Proteins make and use most proteins and enzymes 6) Composed of the same basic Chemicals 7) Reproduce 8) require a supply of energy List the cell sizes from smallest to largest - correct answer. viruses bacteria yeast animal cells multi-cellular organisms What are the three different shapes of cells - correct answer. Rod-like -> bacillus Spherical -> coccus Spiral -> spirillum What are the conditions for cellular life - correct answer. - temperature - PH - Water - Salt - Oxygen availability - Nutrient availability What are the three temperatures - correct answer. Psychropiles -> grow best below 20C Mesophiles -> grows best between 20-50C Thermophiles -> grows best above 50C What affect does pH have on cells - correct answer. Acidophilus -> growns well at a pH of 1-2 Neutrophile -> grows well at a neutral pH Alkaliphile -> grows well at a pH as high as 9