Rights-of-way Pest Management Questions with Verified Solutions

Rights-of-way Pest Management Questions with Verified Solutions is the use of all available tactics or strategies to manage pests so that acceptable control can be achieved. Integrated Pest management why must weeds and woody plants be managed on right of way? saftey, access to facilities, decrease in maintenence costs, wildlife. the first component of an effective pest management program is pest identification. true When identifying the pest, what other information should be collected about the pest? pest life cycles, physiology, reproductive potential, and past control results List several examples of different sites that might have site specific requirements urban, suburban, rural areas, dry upland, wetlands, popular tourist, scenic areas, recreation areas. Why should you monitor your control strategies? what information should be recorded? adjustments can be made when necessary. Records should include rate for any pesticides applied, identification of equipment list four categories of control methods. biological, cultural, mechanical, chemical control how does shading work as a cultural control? where is it often used? floats of black plastic on water, adding dye to water. aquatic weed control. how have public attitudes changed about vegetation and its control in rights-of-way? more selective approach is being used in terms of what plants are bad. Why is it important to protect wetlands? wildlife habitat, minimize bank and shorline erosion along rivers and lakes. Four stages of weed development and briefly describe each. Seedling, vegetative, seed production, maturity list three plant types and briefly describe each annual, biennials, perennials what is the difference between a monocot and dicot plant monocots - only one leaf on seedlings and veins run parallel. fibrous root system. Dicots - two leaves as they emerge from the seed, net like venation. taproot Grasses may be annual or perennial true How does a sedge differ from a grass triangular stems. SEDGES HAVE EDGES! all actively growing broadleaf plants have ___________ at the end of each stem and in each leaf axil. exposed growing points. (terminal bud) and (auxiliary buds) trees are annual plants? false how do ferns reproduce? Spores and creeping rhizomes. ________ plants live on and get their food from host. Parasitic seed plants what are the classifications of aquatic plants? Emergent, floating, submergent, algae. do you need a permit from the DNR to control aquatic plants? yes what tree has dark-brown, flat pods that are 3-4 inches long? black locust what tree has slender, bright red twigs in the winter that turn light gray and prefers swamps and stream banks? red maple what tree has 3 different shaped leaves? the bark is dark red-brown, orange when cut with a knife. Sassafras What tree has round leaves with flat stems that are said to "quake" in the wind? Quaking aspen (trembling aspen) (poplar) what perennial has a taproot, a bright blue flower and smooth milky sap. Chicory what weed smells like a carrot? wild carrot which thistle is a perennial and has a greater root system: Canada or musk thistle? Canada thistle cattails must have their leaves and flower spikes above water to survive? true. Root-absorbed herbicides are generally more effective when applied postemergence. true What is the difference between a contact and systemic herbicide? contact kill only the green parts of the plant systemic herbicides move throughout the plant Temperature, moisture, soil type and rate of application influence the persistence of herbicide true What is temperature inversion and how can it affect pesticide drift? ground air two to five degrees cooler than the air above it. may result in the smallest spray droplets remaining suspended as a dense cloud in a layer of undisturbed air. what is the difference between a selective and non-selective herbicide? selective - large area, control for many years, right of ways. non-selective - spot treatments, not meant for long term control, public areas, parking lots, guardrails. If a plant's growing points are below the soil surface, which type of herbicide will provide better control: contact or systemic? systemic How can plant leaf shape affect herbicidal action? broad leaves hold herbicide longer, herbicide will run or bounce off narrow, upright leaves. which is more susceptible to herbicides: seedlings or mature plants? seedlings what climate factors affect herbicidal action? Relative humidity, light, precipitation, wind, temperatures, length of growing season Do herbicides work quickly in warmer or cooler temperatures? warmer What are the five categories of selective herbicide applications? Foliage spraying, Basal spray method, granular and pellet application methods, exact dosage "spotgun" applications, cut surface herbicide treatments. what are the three basic foliage spray treatments used in right of way management? low volume ground, high volume ground, aerial application. what are the basic differences between low volume ground foliage and high volume ground foliage treatments? low - specific amount of mixture per acre high - amount of herbicide applied per acre will vary considerably, "spray to drip" how can you limit the potential for drift when using low volume ground foliage treatments? use equipment that is designed to minimize drift, such as a low pressure sprayer. what steps can you take to avoid drift and accidental spraying of non-target plants when using high volume ground foliage treatments? do not treat excessively tall brush when you cannot control the spray. use as low a pressure as possible. Each pilot must be certified in the aerial standard in addition to right of way category to make aerial application on right of way true what is the difference between conventional basal spraying and low volume basal spraying? low volume uses a herbicide mixture made to conserve the amount of carrier applied per stem. In low volume basal spraying stems are completely encircled and wet to rundown. false. what are the advantages and disadvantages of granular and pellet applications? good for small areas broadcast applications can cause damage to non-target vegetation. what are "spotgun" applications? hand held or backpack sprayer that delivers a pre-measured dose of concentrated herbicide to the base of target vegetation. "stump spraying" and "hack and squirt" are names for cut surface herbicide treatments. false not called stump spraying. what are the most common mistakes made by applications using cut surface herbicide treatments. applying too much chemical to the cut surface, making improper frilling or girdling cuts. non-selective chemical must have moisture to enter plant root system? true if you want to completely kill existing vegetation and immediately replant with ornamentals, you should use a, _________ herbicide that is short lived in the soil. systemic when are the best results from soil residual herbicides achieved? early spring before the weeds emerge or when they are small. Which group of growth regulators inhibits production of plant hormones that control cell elongation? gibberellin which group of growth regulators accelerates cell growth and reproduction? auxin growth regulators are not pesticides and therefore are not regulated by FIFRA. False Because most gibberellin inhibitors are formulated with an alcohol carrier, trunk injection in the northern US should only take place between ________ and __________. bud break in spring to leaf drop in fall. list 5 precautions recommended for non-selective herbicide. choose non corrosive materials when spraying around metals, use low pressure equipment to minimize drift, use caution when applying soil-residual herbicides on slopes, do not apply on frozen ground, and do not apply where the root systems of non target trees are present. growth regulators are also used in some asphalt-based tree wound dressings? true growth regulators used on turf suppress ________. the plant seed head what are the most common species of turf grass found along roadside in the northern US? tall fescue, smooth brome, and blue grass varieties. most turf treatments are a combination of regulators. true all growth regulators on turf are applied by __________ treatment. broadcast treatment. growth regulators should be applied on turf before seed head formation, usually the months __________ and ___________. April and May what are the five factors to consider when using a growth regulator? results from regulator you choose, rates must be determined, results will vary with timing of application, stage of growth of given species will affect results, impacts on environmental conditions. why are treatment rates crucial when applying growth regulators? whether the chemical acts as a regulator or a lethal herbicide often is determined by only small changes in rate. indications of soil insect problems. yellowing of leaves, dying branches. lawns, row crops or wild grasses are usually attacked by these grubs.