NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Update Graded A+

NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Update Graded A+ Asthma Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles What are 5 s/s of asthma coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm -excess mucus production and accumulation -hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle -airflow obstruction -decreased alveolar ventilation Bronchioles smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli 3 layers of the bronchioles innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer lamina propria the middle layer of the bronchioles structure of the lamina propria embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells purpose of the lamina propria white blood cells are present to help protect the airways How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain smooth muscle cells what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do control the airways ability to constrict and dilate alveolar hyperinflation When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside how does hyperinflation occur? the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) - respiratory acidosis What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma tiotropium and ipratropium What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system