GCSE
GEOGRAPHY
Resources for Paper 3 Geographical Applications
June 2023
Pre-release resources booklet
To be issued to students on Friday 24 March 2023.
This booklet contains three resources as follows:
Figure 1 – Tourism and development: pages 2–3
Figure 2 – A new cruise ship terminal and port for the Cayman Islands: pages 4–5
Figure 3 – Different views about the proposed cruise ship and port facility in Grand Cayman:
pages 6–7.
Information
HIC is a higher income country.
LIC is a lower income country.
NEE is a newly emerging economy.
G/KL/Jun23/E5 8035/3/PM
, 2
Figure 1
Tourism and development
Tourism and development
Tourism contributes to three important development goals:
z it creates job opportunities
z it generates income
z it has a positive effect on the balance of trade.
Consequently, for many countries the tourism sector plays an important role in development and
improves the quality of life for local people. The economic effect of tourism is felt both directly, by
people working in hotels and tourist related activities, and indirectly, through the multiplier effect,
by creating demand for other economic activities.
The income distribution effect of tourism
Often tourists visit places with limited industrial development where job opportunities are limited
and local incomes are low. As a result, tourism can create economic opportunities and increase
living standards in some of the poorest parts of a country.
Which countries rely most on tourism? The top 20 destinations
most reliant on tourism for
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
their income
the tourism sector accounts for 13.6% of the world economy,
as well as 9.9% of all jobs. However, the figure is much 1. Maldives – 39.6%
higher for many LICs/NEEs, where tourism can account for 2. British Virgin Islands –
over 20% of total income. In comparison, tourism accounts 35.4%
for 3.7% of income in the UK, while in the USA the figure is 3. Macau – 29.3%
even lower, at 2.6%. 4. Aruba – 28.1%
5. Seychelles – 26.4%
International tourist arrivals by world region 6. Curacao – 23.4%
1.4 billion 7. Anguilla – 21.1%
8. Bahamas – 19%
Africa 9. Vanuatu – 18.2%
1.2 billion
10. Cape Verde – 17.8%
Middle East
1 billion 11. Belize – 15%
Asia & Pacific 12. St Lucia – 15%
800 million 13. Fiji – 14.4%
Americas 14. Malta – 14.2%
600 million
15. Cambodia – 14.1%
16. US Virgin Islands – 13.3%
400 million
17. Antigua and Barbuda –
Europe 13%
200 million
18. Barbados – 13%
19. Dominica – 12.4%
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 20. Montenegro – 11%
G/Jun23/8035/3/PM
GEOGRAPHY
Resources for Paper 3 Geographical Applications
June 2023
Pre-release resources booklet
To be issued to students on Friday 24 March 2023.
This booklet contains three resources as follows:
Figure 1 – Tourism and development: pages 2–3
Figure 2 – A new cruise ship terminal and port for the Cayman Islands: pages 4–5
Figure 3 – Different views about the proposed cruise ship and port facility in Grand Cayman:
pages 6–7.
Information
HIC is a higher income country.
LIC is a lower income country.
NEE is a newly emerging economy.
G/KL/Jun23/E5 8035/3/PM
, 2
Figure 1
Tourism and development
Tourism and development
Tourism contributes to three important development goals:
z it creates job opportunities
z it generates income
z it has a positive effect on the balance of trade.
Consequently, for many countries the tourism sector plays an important role in development and
improves the quality of life for local people. The economic effect of tourism is felt both directly, by
people working in hotels and tourist related activities, and indirectly, through the multiplier effect,
by creating demand for other economic activities.
The income distribution effect of tourism
Often tourists visit places with limited industrial development where job opportunities are limited
and local incomes are low. As a result, tourism can create economic opportunities and increase
living standards in some of the poorest parts of a country.
Which countries rely most on tourism? The top 20 destinations
most reliant on tourism for
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
their income
the tourism sector accounts for 13.6% of the world economy,
as well as 9.9% of all jobs. However, the figure is much 1. Maldives – 39.6%
higher for many LICs/NEEs, where tourism can account for 2. British Virgin Islands –
over 20% of total income. In comparison, tourism accounts 35.4%
for 3.7% of income in the UK, while in the USA the figure is 3. Macau – 29.3%
even lower, at 2.6%. 4. Aruba – 28.1%
5. Seychelles – 26.4%
International tourist arrivals by world region 6. Curacao – 23.4%
1.4 billion 7. Anguilla – 21.1%
8. Bahamas – 19%
Africa 9. Vanuatu – 18.2%
1.2 billion
10. Cape Verde – 17.8%
Middle East
1 billion 11. Belize – 15%
Asia & Pacific 12. St Lucia – 15%
800 million 13. Fiji – 14.4%
Americas 14. Malta – 14.2%
600 million
15. Cambodia – 14.1%
16. US Virgin Islands – 13.3%
400 million
17. Antigua and Barbuda –
Europe 13%
200 million
18. Barbados – 13%
19. Dominica – 12.4%
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 20. Montenegro – 11%
G/Jun23/8035/3/PM
