Peace Research and Conflict
Management – Summary
Elise Nizette
Table of Contents
Class 2 - Conflict defini1ons, characteris1cs, and trends ..................................................... 5
Conflict defini,ons ......................................................................................................................5
Conflict characteris,cs ................................................................................................................6
Conflicts in today's world ............................................................................................................7
What factors explain the increase in conflict termina,ons in those two periods (1990-1997 and
early 2000s) ................................................................................................................................8
Ques,ons for reflec,on ..............................................................................................................9
Class 3 & 4 – Grievances and Conflicts (parts I & II)........................................................... 11
Grievances theories .................................................................................................................. 11
What do empirical studies find? Is there a rela,onship between economic inequality and violent
conflict? .................................................................................................................................... 12
Frances Stewart's HI theory ...................................................................................................... 12
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 15
Conceptualizing Ethnicity .......................................................................................................... 15
Horizontal Inequality theory ..................................................................................................... 17
Class 5 – Greed and Conflict ............................................................................................. 21
Policies towards horizontal inequali,es .................................................................................... 21
Economic dimensions of conflict ............................................................................................... 23
Greed theory of conflict ............................................................................................................ 23
Some cri,cal reflec,ons on the greed theory of conflict ............................................................ 24
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 25
Class 6 – Natural resources abundance and conflict.......................................................... 27
The resource curse .................................................................................................................... 27
Dutch disease ........................................................................................................................... 27
Resource abundance and conflict .............................................................................................. 28
Natural resources abundance and violent conflicts: empirical linkages ...................................... 29
Disentangling the concept of natural resources ......................................................................... 30
Overview ow natural resources and armed conflict: what we know for sure ............................. 31
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 31
1
,Class 7 – Mass media and interna1onal conflicts (guest lecture) ...................................... 33
Media Sphere ........................................................................................................................... 33
Interna,onal news – news sources ........................................................................................... 33
The news communica,on process............................................................................................. 34
Selec,ve gatekeeping ............................................................................................................... 34
Digital gatekeeping ................................................................................................................... 34
Media,zed (interna,onal) conflicts .......................................................................................... 34
Case: Rwanda/Zaïre/DR Congo ................................................................................................. 36
Peace journalism ...................................................................................................................... 36
Class 8 – Natural resource scarcity and conflict ................................................................ 37
Resource scarcity: a catastrophe in wai,ng? ............................................................................. 37
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 39
Class 9 – Nego1a1on and media1on ................................................................................ 41
Conflict resolu,on methods ...................................................................................................... 41
Nego,a,on and media,on ....................................................................................................... 41
Nego,a,on............................................................................................................................... 43
Media,on ................................................................................................................................. 44
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 44
Class 10 – Peacekeeping ................................................................................................... 45
Evalua,ng media,on interven,ons........................................................................................... 45
Key defini,ons .......................................................................................................................... 45
Tradi,onal peacekeeping .......................................................................................................... 46
Humanitarian interven,on ....................................................................................................... 48
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 49
Class 11 – The dynamic memory poli1cs and peacebuilding: introduc1on to the puzzle
(guest lecture).................................................................................................................. 51
Key guiding ques,ons ............................................................................................................... 51
Interdisciplinary and field of studies ......................................................................................... 51
Memory poli,cs and peace ....................................................................................................... 51
How do ‘official’ or ‘master narra,ves’ emerge in peacebuilding processes? ............................. 52
Who are the actors?.................................................................................................................. 52
Key takeaways .......................................................................................................................... 52
Class 12 – the role of educa1on in building sustainable peace .......................................... 53
Impact of conflict on educa,on ................................................................................................. 53
Nexus of educa,on, peace & conflict ........................................................................................ 53
Peace educa,on ....................................................................................................................... 54
2
,Class 13 – Post-conflict reconstruc1on and peacebuilding................................................. 57
Nature of post-conflict socie,es ................................................................................................ 57
Security dilemma ...................................................................................................................... 58
Spoilers..................................................................................................................................... 59
Interna,onal liberalism............................................................................................................. 60
Liberal interna,onal peacebuilding paradigm ........................................................................... 61
3
, 4
Management – Summary
Elise Nizette
Table of Contents
Class 2 - Conflict defini1ons, characteris1cs, and trends ..................................................... 5
Conflict defini,ons ......................................................................................................................5
Conflict characteris,cs ................................................................................................................6
Conflicts in today's world ............................................................................................................7
What factors explain the increase in conflict termina,ons in those two periods (1990-1997 and
early 2000s) ................................................................................................................................8
Ques,ons for reflec,on ..............................................................................................................9
Class 3 & 4 – Grievances and Conflicts (parts I & II)........................................................... 11
Grievances theories .................................................................................................................. 11
What do empirical studies find? Is there a rela,onship between economic inequality and violent
conflict? .................................................................................................................................... 12
Frances Stewart's HI theory ...................................................................................................... 12
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 15
Conceptualizing Ethnicity .......................................................................................................... 15
Horizontal Inequality theory ..................................................................................................... 17
Class 5 – Greed and Conflict ............................................................................................. 21
Policies towards horizontal inequali,es .................................................................................... 21
Economic dimensions of conflict ............................................................................................... 23
Greed theory of conflict ............................................................................................................ 23
Some cri,cal reflec,ons on the greed theory of conflict ............................................................ 24
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 25
Class 6 – Natural resources abundance and conflict.......................................................... 27
The resource curse .................................................................................................................... 27
Dutch disease ........................................................................................................................... 27
Resource abundance and conflict .............................................................................................. 28
Natural resources abundance and violent conflicts: empirical linkages ...................................... 29
Disentangling the concept of natural resources ......................................................................... 30
Overview ow natural resources and armed conflict: what we know for sure ............................. 31
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 31
1
,Class 7 – Mass media and interna1onal conflicts (guest lecture) ...................................... 33
Media Sphere ........................................................................................................................... 33
Interna,onal news – news sources ........................................................................................... 33
The news communica,on process............................................................................................. 34
Selec,ve gatekeeping ............................................................................................................... 34
Digital gatekeeping ................................................................................................................... 34
Media,zed (interna,onal) conflicts .......................................................................................... 34
Case: Rwanda/Zaïre/DR Congo ................................................................................................. 36
Peace journalism ...................................................................................................................... 36
Class 8 – Natural resource scarcity and conflict ................................................................ 37
Resource scarcity: a catastrophe in wai,ng? ............................................................................. 37
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 39
Class 9 – Nego1a1on and media1on ................................................................................ 41
Conflict resolu,on methods ...................................................................................................... 41
Nego,a,on and media,on ....................................................................................................... 41
Nego,a,on............................................................................................................................... 43
Media,on ................................................................................................................................. 44
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 44
Class 10 – Peacekeeping ................................................................................................... 45
Evalua,ng media,on interven,ons........................................................................................... 45
Key defini,ons .......................................................................................................................... 45
Tradi,onal peacekeeping .......................................................................................................... 46
Humanitarian interven,on ....................................................................................................... 48
Ques,ons for reflec,on ............................................................................................................ 49
Class 11 – The dynamic memory poli1cs and peacebuilding: introduc1on to the puzzle
(guest lecture).................................................................................................................. 51
Key guiding ques,ons ............................................................................................................... 51
Interdisciplinary and field of studies ......................................................................................... 51
Memory poli,cs and peace ....................................................................................................... 51
How do ‘official’ or ‘master narra,ves’ emerge in peacebuilding processes? ............................. 52
Who are the actors?.................................................................................................................. 52
Key takeaways .......................................................................................................................... 52
Class 12 – the role of educa1on in building sustainable peace .......................................... 53
Impact of conflict on educa,on ................................................................................................. 53
Nexus of educa,on, peace & conflict ........................................................................................ 53
Peace educa,on ....................................................................................................................... 54
2
,Class 13 – Post-conflict reconstruc1on and peacebuilding................................................. 57
Nature of post-conflict socie,es ................................................................................................ 57
Security dilemma ...................................................................................................................... 58
Spoilers..................................................................................................................................... 59
Interna,onal liberalism............................................................................................................. 60
Liberal interna,onal peacebuilding paradigm ........................................................................... 61
3
, 4
