GENERAL ANATOMY (NBCE PART 1) – 686 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.

Mesoderm, what are the derivatives? Paraxial Intermediate Head Lateral plate Paraxial - Somites (31) Intermediate - Urogenital system and kidneys Head - Skull, MM, CT of head, dentine Lateral plate - Adrenal cortex, blood & lymph, spleen spleen and adrenal cortex are from mesoderm lateral plate Kidneys are from mesoderm intermediate Anterior pituitary and lens of eye are from surface ectoderm enamel is from surface ectoderm Neuroectoderm consists of Neural tube and neural crest cells Post pituitary, retina, CNS and pineal body are from Neural tube DRG, ANS, parafollicular cells of thyroid and adrenal medulla are from Neural crest stomadium mouth foregut oral cavity to 1st 1/3 of duodenum Midgut 2/3rd of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon Hindgut distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line Gubernaculum becomes what In males: In females: Males: scrotal lig (gubernacular testis) Females: Suspensory lig of ovary, ovarian lig and round lig Foramen cecum gives rise to the Thyroid (seek the thyroid) Limb bud rotation Arms: 90 lateral Legs: 90 medial coronal plane (frontal plane) vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions sagittal plane vertical division of the body into right and left portions parasagittal plane Elbow flexion/extension transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts Interphase the resting phase Prophase Nuclear membrane disappears Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Telephase Separation of the chromosomes Example of parasagittal Elbow flexion/extension Which epithelium layer is alveoli, capillaries, blood, lymph vessels Simple squamous (in the air and fluid diffusion) Thinnest cells, therefore easiest for diffusion simple squamous Which epithelium cells are skin, oral cavity, anal cavity vagina and esophagus Stratified squamous Which epithelium cells are kidney tubules, glands, digestive tracts, and choroid plexus Simple cuboidal Which epithelium cells form sweat glands Stratified cuboidal Which epithelium cells form urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys Transitional Which epithelium cells form absorption cells such as stomach, small/ large intestine Simple columnar Which epithelium cells are the reproductive tract aka uterus Stratified columnar Widow maker (M/C A. for infarction) Lt anterior descending A. AKA Ant. interventricular A (branch of Lt coronary) Dust cells lung macrophages Kupffer cells macrophages in the liver microglial cells brain macrophages Langerhans cells skin macrophages What wraps around the aortic arch What wraps around the Rt subclavian A Lt recurrent laryngeal N Rt recurrent laryngeal N Whats the 1st branch of the abd aorta and what are the primary branches off that trunk? Celiac trunk. Branches are: Splenic, Common hepatic and Left gastric Melanin Basement (basal) layer of epidermis. Skin color Left and Rt gastroepiploic AA feed the greater curvature and both branch from the Splenic A Ducts to know Stenson's Wharton's Bartholins Wirsung Santorini Stenson's - parotid gland Wharton's - submandibular (we're at a war man) Bartholins - sublingual (uppercut at bar) Wirsung - Main pancreatic Santorini - accessory pancreatic Ampulla of vater AKA and where does it empty hepatopancreatic ampulla, into 2nd part of duodenum (descending) sphinctor of oddi controls release Endocrine secretions of pancrease Glucagon, insulin and somatostatin Exocrine secretions from pacrease (acinar cells) Trypsinogen, chymotripsinogen, lipase, amylase, bicarbonate 4 CT types Dense reg - tendons and lig Dense irreg - dermis of skin Elastic - blood vessels Reticular - lymph nodes and spleen Tongue like processes inferior to head of pancreas Uncinate processes Body of the pancreas contacts the stomach and ____ the tail of the pancreas contacts the ______ Lt kidney, spleen Lobes of the liver and what seperates them? Rt & Lt lobes anteriorly Lt lobe & caudate lobe Lt lobe & Quadrate lobe Rt & Lt lobes anteriorly - Falciform lig Lt lobe & caudate lobe - ligamentum venosum (ductus venosus remnant) Lt lobe & Quadrate lobe - Ligamentum teres AKA round lig (remnant of Lt umbilical V.) Which ligaments attach liver to diaphragm Coronary ligament, falciform ligament and triangular ligaments Epidermis from sup to deep corneum, lucidum (only on plantar surfaces), granulosum, spinosum, germinativum (basal layer) "cows like green soft grass" Dermis sup to deep Papillary, reticular, hypodermis (subcutaneous fascia) Bloodflow in/out of liver Superior mesenteric V. & splenic V (both AKA lineal VV), join to form the hepatic portal V. (AKA portal V.), which empties into liver, blood is collected in liver sinusoids, which drain into central veins, the central vein converge into a hepatic V. which takes blood out of the liver and to the IVC Extrinsic MM of tongue and innervation Palatoglossus - CN10 Styloglossus - CN12 Hyoglossus - CN12 Genioglossus - CN12 All MM ending in glossus inn. by CN12 except palatoglossus Intrinsic MM of tongue Longitudinal, tansverse, verticle and of the lingual septum Tast buds of tongue (CAFFF) Circumvallate - largest & fewest (ant to sulcus terminalis) Filiform - smallest and most numerous not inv w/ taste Fungiform Foliate - sides of tongue & most sensitive Taste of tongue topography sweet-anterior, salty-ant/lat, sour-post/lat, bitter-posterior AkA for tonsils and list the three. Which are AKA adenoids? Rings of waldeyer Palatine, lingual & pharyngeal Pharyngeal tonsils in nasopharynx AKA adenoids Torus Tubaris naso-pharynx opening of auditory tube When adenoids swell they can occlude what? Torus Tubaris Which M of mastication att to articular disc, and is the only one to open the mouth and protrude jaw? Lateral/External pterygoid All MM ending in pharygeus inn. by CN__ except for __________ 10, except for stylopharygeus (9) Contents of ant. cervical triangle salivary glands, larynx and thyroid Contents of inf. carotid AKA muscular triangle Larynx, trachea, thyroid Contents of carotid triangle (sup carotid) carotid A, internal jugular, vagus N Borders of suboccipital triangle RCP major, sup oblique, inf oblique Contents of suboccipital triangle Suboccipital N (from dorsal rami C1), Vertebral A, and occipital N Cricoid is at what level and what begins at its inf edge C6, trachea What level is the thyroid C4/C5 Unpaired and paired laryngeal cartilage unpaired: Thyroid (C4), Epiglottis, and Cricoid (C6) paired: Arytenoids (att. vocal cords), sternothyroid, thyrohyoid Voice production from glottis and vocal folds/cords What are the vocal cords (4) PCA - Abd LCA - Add TA - relax/shorten CT - tense/lengthen Sliding hernia is where cardiac notch at esophagus