Geschiedeniswerkplaats- 3VWO - Hoofdstuk 5 Nederland na 1945 - samenvatting - ENGLISH

5.1
1945: reconstruction Netherlands started.
- bridges, port systems, railways destroyed  disappeared.
- transport vehicles  transported to Germany
- agricultural lang flooded

1950: construction Netherlands
- agriculture reached pre-war level
- industry produced more than before the war
- more houses were built  due to baby boom population increased from 1945 onwards

Modernization Dutch economy
- up to 1973 economy grew with 5% per year
- due to oil refinery and chemical industry new devices were produced, and port of Rotterdam grew.

Production agriculture
- production increased
- small farms were incorporated intoi big companies  labourers were replaced by machines
- employment agricultural sector decreased  people were looking for other jobs, there was no unemployment

Cause reconstruction and modernization
- caused by marshall plan, cooperation between employers, unions and the government.
- Unions, employers and government made agreements to keep wages and prices low.  industry could work cheaply.

Mindset employees
- employees were, hardworking, obedient, and satisfied with little believed hard diligence and frugality were needed for prosperity
- 1956: significant raise in salary

Welfare state
- 1945 – 1958: confessionals and socialists formed governments
- Willem drees (prime minister from 1958)(party PvdA) built a welfare state  government took care of people who can’t take care of themselves.
- first only applied to elderly – who depended on their kids, or lived in poverty
- 1949: WW was implanted  unemployed people received benefits
- 1956: AOW was implanted  elderly from 65 received benefits
- 1959: confessional parties ruled together with the VVD
- 1967: VVD introduced WAO  for people who could no longer world due to illness or disability

Creation laws social security
- collection of laws and provisions for people who’re less able to look after themselves
- laws were paid out of taxes or regulated social insurance.

welfare state was based on solidarity.

Other ideas
- 1960; wages increased  boosting consumers economy
- 1951 Tv introduced into the Netherlands  people were introduced to foreign cultures and ideologies

Consequence introduction foreign cultures and ideologies
- depillarization started  people got different ideas
- caused secularisation
- humanism increased
- individualisation increased  wanted to make their own choices, not choices to comfort others
- morals changed people wanted to have a say and decision
- confessional parties lost their majority.

Relationship between men and women
- Before 1960: women were expected to stay at work, take care of the household
- 1960: relationship between men and women became more equal
- After 1960: women went to university, continued to work after marriage

Sexual morals
- Before 1960: strict sexual morals  young people should get married as virgins, nudity was forbidden, divorce was a disgrace
- After 1960: sexual revolution started: contraceptive pill was introduced  people dealt with sex more freely, talking about sex more normal, living
together unmarried more normal.

Youth culture
- Stayed in school longer – more people to share their ideas with – lots of young people do to baby boom
- spent more money on entertainment/consumer products  youth culture was created
- young people rebelled more often.

Western culture
- Sociocultural changes mainly took place in the west  western culture changed
- pluriform society formed

5.2
Cause/consequence flood 1st February 1953
North-western storm  high tide  dikes broke  county flooded  1836 people died in Zeeland, South holland, West Brabant

After the flood 1st February 1953
- civil servants came up with delta plan  needed a new law to be executed  law had to be approved by parliament.
- November 1955 government sent approval for delta act to house of representatives.
- in 1957 majority house of representatives approved of delta act 1958 senate agreed  law signed by queen Juliana.