General Chemistry Final Exam Questions and Answers latest

Convert Degrees Celsius to Kelvin - T(K)= T(C) + 273.15 Absolute Zero for Celsius and Kelvin - -273.15 C 0 K The unit size of the Celsius and Kelvin scale is the same. Boiling Point (C) and Kelvin and Freezing point - Boiling: 100 deg. C and 373.15 K Freezing: 0 deg. C and 273.15 K Extensive properties - Depends on the amount of the same Ex: mass and volume (these are physical properties) intensive properties - independent of the amount of the sample -Only intensive properties can be used to identify the composition of the sample ex: density, color, temperature Density Calculation - D=M/V D=g/mL nano- - 10^-9 kilo- - 10^3 centi- - 10^-2 Micro - 10^-6 milli - 10^-3 mega - 10^-6 millimeter to centimeter - 1 m = .1 cm Atomic number for protons and how to calculate the number of protons - Atomic number (Z) Number of protons is the atomic number Charge on an atom is determined by - the number of protons in an atom. Therefore a neutral atom must have the same number of protons and electrons Isotopes - atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons ex: every chlorine atom has 17 protons, but the same chlorine nuclei have 18 neutrons and some have 20 neutrons. How to calculate isotopes protons, neutrons, and electrons: 133^Xe - Protons: 54 (Atomic number) Electrons: 54 (protons = electrons) Neutrons: 54 + x = 133 (mass number is 133) x= 79 Avogadro's number - 6.022 x 10^23 Elemental MM calculation - The MM of any naturally occurring element is the weighted some of the contribution from its isotopes. Σ [(Fractional Abundance)(Isotopic MM)] (CO) Mon(o)- - Carbon monoxide (SiO2) Di- - Sulfur dioxide (NI3) Tri- - Nitrogen triiodide (CBr4) Tetr(a)- - Carbon tetrabromide (PCl5) Pent(a)- - Phosphorus pentachloride (SF6) Hex(a)- - Sulfur hexaflouride (IF7) Hept(a)- - iodine heptafluoride B2H6 - diborane CH4 - methane NH3 - ammonia H2O - water HF - hydrogen fluoride SiH4 - silane PH3 - phosphine H2S - hydrogen sulfide HCl - hydrogen chloride CaCO3 - calcium carbonate Na2O - sodium oxide Group IA elements are likely to have what charged ions? - +1 Group IIA elements are likely to have what charged ions? - +2 Group VIA elements are likely to have what charged ions? - -2 Group VIIA elements are likely to have what charged ions? - -1 Common polyatomic ions: ammonium - NH4+ (Cation)