Nur 265 - Respiratory Test 1 with complete solutions

Nur 265 - Respiratory Test 1 with complete solutions Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - ANS ️️ Characterized by airflow obstruction resulting from chronic bronchitis and emphysema • Cigarette smoking - causative factor in 90% of patients • Environmental & genetic factors (alpha1-antirypsin deficiency) • Second hand smoke, urban pollution, occupational exposure to toxins COPD - Pathophysiology - ANS ️️ • Chronic Bronchitis - excessive accumulation of mucous secretions block the airway, bronchospasm and inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles • Emphysema - There is destruction of the walls of the overdistended alveoli which results in impaired gas exchange COPD - Smoking - ANS ️️ Interferes with cilliary cleansing mechanism of respiratory tract; causing airflow to be obstructed. The aveoli become over distended and there is diminished lung capacity. Also irritates mucous glands, increasing mucous secretions. This all causes protease release which breaks down the elastin in the aveoli. Arterial blood gases PaO2: Range and abnormal findings - ANS ️️ 80 - 100 ↑=excessive O2 admin ↓=COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis, cancer of bronchi and lungs, CF, respiratory distress syndrome, anemias, atelectasis, hypoxia Arterial blood gases PaCO2: Range and abnormal findings - - ANS ️️ 35 - 45