NURS 251 Portage Test 4

Where in the body is the pituitary gland located? - The pituitary gland is located in the brain near the hypothalamus. What is the primary substance released from the pituitary gland? - Its primary role is to release hormones into the body that control other glands within the endocrine system. What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland called - Anterior Pituitary Gland & Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland - -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) -Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) -Growth Hormone (GH) -Luteinizing Hormone (LH) -Prolactin (PH) -Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Hormones associated with the posterior pituitary gland - -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) -Oxytocin Uses of somatropin - used in children who are deficient in Growth Hormone to promote linear growth Uses of octreotide - Used in the treatment of severe watery diarrhea caused by a slow growing tumor Uses of vasopressin - used in emergency situations when blood pressure is dropping too low Uses of desmopressin - used to treat certain blood disorders Two common disorders associated with the thyroid gland - Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism symptoms - cold intolerance, unintentional weight gain, depression, dry brittle hair and nails, and fatigue Hyperthyroidism symptoms - diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance and altered menstrual flow What is levothyroxine? - a synthetic thyroid hormone used in hypothyroidism Levothyroxine mechanism of action and special use instructions - Essentially levothyroxine works in the same manner as the endogenous hormone, Thyroxine or T4. By taking levothyroxine, the deficiency is corrected. However, it can be impacted by food or drugs and so it is recommended to take on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes prior to breakfast. Hyperthyroidism drugs (and how they work) - methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) are two antithyroid drugs available that work by inhibiting the formation of the thyroid hormones. Two conditions that can occur when there is a deficiency or excess of glucocorticoids released from the adrenal cortex. - Addison's disease- deficiency Cushing's syndrome- excess Describe how glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effect. - The glucocorticoids work at the cellular level to bind to receptors that either activate the production of anti-inflammatory proteins or prevent proinflammatory protein production.