Test Bank Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing 13th Edition Moreno

Test Bank Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing 13th Edition MorenoChapter 1 Concepts and Trends in Healthcare ◦ A new nurse is working with a preceptor on an inpatient medicalsurgical unit. The preceptor advises the student that which is the priority when working as a professional nurse? ◦ Attending to holistic client needs ◦ Ensuring client safety ◦ Not making medication errors ◦ Providing client- focused care ANS: B ◦ All actions are appropriate for the professional nurse. However, ensuring client safety is the priority. Up to 98,000 deaths result each year from errors in hospital care, according to the 2000 Institute of Medicine report. Many more clients have suffered injuries and less serious outcomes. Every nurse has the responsibility to guard the clients safety. ◦ DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 2 KEY: Patient safety MSC: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Intervention ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control ◦ A nurse is orienting a new client and family to the inpatient unit. What information does the nurse provide to help the client promote his or her own safety? ◦ Encourage the client and family to be active partners. ◦ Have the client monitor hand hygiene in caregivers. ◦ Offer the family the opportunity to stay with the client. ◦ Tell the client to always wear his or her armband. ANS: A ◦ Each action could be important for the client or family to perform. However, encouraging the client to be active in his or her health care as a partner is the most critical. The other actions are ◦ ◦ very limited in scope and do not provide the broad protection that being active and involved does.◦ DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 3 KEY: Patient safety MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/ Learning ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective CareEnvironment: Safety and Infection Control ◦ A nurse is caring for a postoperative client on the surgical unit. The clients blood pressure was 142/76 mm Hg 30 minutes ago, and now is 88/50 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is best? Call the Rapid Response Team. ◦ ◦ Document and continue to monitor. ◦ Notify the primary care provider. ◦ Repeat blood pressure measurement in 15 minutes. ANS: A ◦ The purpose of the Rapid Response Team (RRT) is to intervene when clients are deteriorating before they suffer either respiratory or cardiac arrest. Since the client has manifested a significant change, the nurse should call the RRT. Changes in blood pressure, mental status, heart rate, and pain are particularly significant. Documentation is vital, but the nurse must do more than document. The primary care provider should be notified, but this is not the priority over calling the RRT. The clients blood pressure should be reassessed frequently, but the priority is getting the rapid care to the client. ◦ DIF: Applying/Application REF: 3 ◦ KEY: Rapid Response Team (RRT)| medical emergencies MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation ◦ ◦ A nurse wishes to provide client-centered care in all interactions. Which action by the nurse best demonstrates this concept? ◦ Assesses for cultural influences affecting health care ◦ Ensures that all the clients basic needs are met ◦ Tells the client and family about all upcoming tests ◦ Thoroughly orients the client and family to the room ANS: A ◦ Competency in client-focused care is demonstrated when the nurse focuses on communication, culture, respect, compassion, client education, and empowerment. By assessing the effect of the ◦◦ clients culture on health care, this nurse is practicing client- focused care. Providing for basic needs does not demonstrate this competence. Simply telling the client about all upcoming tests is not providing empowering education. Orienting the client and family to the room is an important safety measure, but not directly related to demonstrating client- centered care. ◦ DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 3◦ KEY: Patient-centered care| culture MSC: Integrated Process: Caring NOT: Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity ◦ A client is going to be admitted for a scheduled surgical procedure. Which action does the nurse explain is the most important thing the client can do to protect against errors? ◦ ◦ Bring a list of all medications and what they are for. Keep the doctors phone number by the telephone. ◦ Make sure all providers wash hands before entering the room. ◦ Write down the name of each caregiver who comes in the room. ANS: A ◦ Medication errors are the most common type of health care mistake. The Joint Commissions Speak Up campaign encourages clients to help ensure their safety. One recommendation is for clients to know all their medications and why they take them. This will help prevent medication errors. ◦ ◦ DIF: Applying/Application REF: 4 KEY: Speak Up campaign| patient safety MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control ◦ Which action by the nurse working with a client best demonstrates respect for autonomy? ◦ Asks if the client has questions before signing a consent ◦ Gives the client accurate information when questioned ◦ Keeps the promises made to the client and family ◦ Treats the client fairly compared to other clients ANS: A ◦ Autonomy is self-determination. The client should make decisions regarding care. When the nurse obtains a signature on the consent form, assessing if the client still has questions is vital, because without full information the client cannot practice autonomy. Giving accurate information is practicing with veracity. Keeping promises is upholding fidelity. Treating the ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ client fairly is providing social justice. DIF: Applying/Application REF: 4◦ ◦ of Care KEY: Autonomy| ethical principles MSC: Integrated Process: Caring NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management◦ ◦ A student nurse asks the faculty to explain best practices when communicating with a person from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/ questioning (LGBTQ) community. What answer by the faculty is most accurate? ◦ Avoid embarrassing the client by asking questions. ◦ Dont make assumptions about their health needs. ◦ Most LGBTQ people do not want to share information. ◦ No differences exist in communicating with this population. ANS: B ◦ Many members of the LGBTQ community have faced discrimination from health care providers and may be reluctant to seek health care. The nurse should never make assumptions about the needs of members of this population. Rather, respectful questions are appropriate. If approached with sensitivity, the client with any health care need is more likely to answer honestly. ◦ DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 4 KEY: LGBTQ| diversity MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity ◦ ◦ A nurse is calling the on-call physician about a client who had a hysterectomy 2 days ago and has pain that is unrelieved by the prescribed narcotic pain medication. Which statement is part of the SBAR format for communication? ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ A: I would like you to order a different pain medication. B: This client has allergies to morphine and codeine. R: Dr. Smith doesnt like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory meds. S: This client had a vaginal hysterectomy 2 days ago. ANS: B ◦ SBAR is a recommended form of communication, and the acronym stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. Appropriate background information includes allergies to medications the on- call physician might order. Situation describes what is happening right now that must be communicated; the clients surgery 2 days ago would be considered background. Assessment would include an analysis of the clients problem; asking for a different pain medication is a recommendation. Recommendation is a statement of what is needed or what ◦◦ outcome is desired; this information about the surgeons preference might be better placed in background. ◦ DIF: Applying/ Application REF: 5 KEY: SBAR| communication◦ of Care ◦ ◦ ◦ A nurse working on a cardiac unit delegated taking vital signs to an experienced unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Four hours later, the nurse notes the clients blood pressure is much higher than previous readings, and the clients mental status has changed. What action by the nurse would most likely have prevented this negative outcome? ◦ Determining if the UAP knew how to take blood pressure ◦ Double-checking the UAP by taking another blood pressure ◦ Providing more appropriate supervision of the UAP ◦ Taking the blood pressure instead of delegating the task ANS: C ◦ MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management Supervision is one of the five rights of delegation and includes directing, evaluating, and following up on delegated tasks. The nurse should either have asked the UAP about the vital signs or instructed the UAP to report them right away. An experienced UAP should know how to take vital signs and the nurse should not have to assess this at this point. Double- checking the work defeats the purpose of delegation. Vital signs are within the scope of practice for a UAP and are permissible to delegate. The only appropriate answer is that the nurse did not provide adequate instruction to the UAP. ◦ ◦ DIF: Applying/Application REF: 6 KEY: Supervision| delegation| unlicensed assistive personnel MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care ◦ ◦ A newly graduated nurse in the hospital states that, since she is so new, she cannot participate in quality improvement (QI) projects. What response by the precepting nurse is best? ◦ All staff nurses are required to participate in quality improvement here. ◦ Even being new, you can implement activities designed to improve care.◦ Its easy to identify what indicators should be used to measure quality. ◦ You should ask to be assigned to the research and quality committee. ANS: B ◦ ◦ The preceptor should try to reassure the nurse that implementing QI measures is not out of line for a newly licensed nurse. Simply stating that all nurses are required to participate does not help the nurse understand how that is possible andis dismissive. Identifying indicators of quality is not an easy, quick process and would not be the best place to suggest a new nurse to start. ◦ Asking to be assigned to the QI committee does not give the nurse information about how to implement QI in daily practice. ◦ DIF: Applying/ Application REF: 6 KEY: Quality improvement ◦ MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation ◦ of Care ◦ ◦ A nurse is talking with a client who is moving to a new state and needs to find a new doctor and hospital there. What advice by the nurse is best? ◦ Ask the hospitals there about standard nurse-client ratios. ◦ Choose the hospital that has the newest technology. ◦ ◦ Find a hospital that is accredited by The Joint Commission. Use a facility affiliated with a medical or nursing school. ANS: C ◦ Accreditation by The Joint Commission (TJC) or other accrediting body gives assurance that the facility has a focus on safety. Nurse-client ratios differ by unit type and change over time. New technology doesnt necessarily mean the hospital is safe. Affiliation with a health professions school has several advantages, but safety is most important. ◦ DIF: Understanding/ Comprehension REF: 2 KEY: The Joint Commission (TJC)| accreditation ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control ◦ MULTIPLE RESPONSE ◦ ◦ A nurse manager wishes to ensure that the nurses on the unit are practicing at their highest levels of competency. Which areas should the manager assess to determine if the nursingstaff demonstrate competency according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality? (Select all that apply.) ◦ Collaborating with an interdisciplinary team ◦ ◦ Implementing evidence-based care ◦ Providing family-focused care◦ ◦ Routinely using informatics in practice quality Using improvement in client care ANS: A, B, D, E ◦ The IOM report lists five broad core competencies that all health care providers should practice. These include collaborating with the interdisciplinary team, implementing evidence-based practice, providing client- focused care, using informatics in client care, and using quality improvement in client care. ◦ ◦ DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 3 KEY: Competencies| Institute of Medicine (IOM) MSC: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control ◦ A nurse is interested in making interdisciplinary work a high priority. Which actions by the nurse best demonstrate this skill? (Select all that apply.) ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Consults with other disciplines on client care Coordinates discharge planning for home safety Participates in comprehensive client rounding Routinely asks other disciplines about client progress Shows the nursing care plans to other disciplines ANS: A, B, C, D ◦ Collaborating with the interdisciplinary team involves planning, implementing, and evaluating client care as a team with all other disciplines included. Simply showing other caregivers the nursing care plan is not actively involving them or collaborating with them. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ of Care ◦ ◦ The nurse utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) considers DIF: Applying/Application REF: 4 KEY: Collaboration| interdisciplinary team MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Managementw h i c h ◦ Cost-saving measures ◦ Nurses expertise ◦ ◦ Client preferences factors when planning care? (Select all that apply.)◦ Research findings ◦ Value s of the client ANS: B, C, D, E ◦ EBP consists of utilizing current evidence, the clients values and preferences, and the nurses expertise when planning care. It does not include cost- saving measures. ◦ DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 6 KEY: Evidence-based practice (EBP) ◦ MSC: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning ◦ of Care ◦ ◦ A nurse manager wants to improve hand-off communication among the staff. What actions by the manager would best help achieve this goal? (Select all that apply.) ◦ Attend hand-off rounds to coach and mentor. ◦ Conduct audits of staff using a new template. ◦ Create a template of topics to include in report. ◦ Encourage staff to ask questions during hand-off. ◦ Give raises based on compliance with reporting. ANS: A, B, C, D ◦ NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management A good tool for standardizing hand-off reports and other critical communication is the SHARE model. SHARE stands for standardize critical information, hardwire within your system, allow opportunities to ask questions, reinforce quality and measurement, and educate and coach. ◦ Attending hand-off report gives the manager opportunities to educate and coach. Conducting audits is part of reinforcing quality. Creating a template is hardwiring within the system. ◦ Encouraging staff to ask questions and think critically about the information is allowing opportunities to ask questions. The manager may need to tie raises into compliance if the staff is resistive and othermeasures have failed, but this is not part of the SHARE model. ◦ ◦ Chapter 2 Care MULTIPLE CHOICE Settings and Models for Nursing• The nurse ensures that a clients bedspace is neat and clean with the call light within easy reach. The nurse is focusing on which nursing theorist who realized the importance of the environment for care? • • Florence Nightingale Sister Callista Roy • Dorothea Orem • Martha Rogers ANS: 1 Florence Nightingales theory focused on the environment for care. Sister Callista Roys model is based in systems theory and an individuals ability to adapt. Dorothea Orems model is the self- care deficit theory. Martha Rogers model is the science of unitary human beings. PTS:1DIF:Apply REF:Emergence of Contemporary Nursing in the United States • The nurse is instructing a client on self-administration of insulin so that the client will not need a health care provider to do this activity. The nurse is implementing which of the following aspects of Virginia Hendersons theory of nursing? • A caring relationship • Helping the client achieve independence from the nurses assistance as quickly as possible • Integration of objective and subjective data • Application of critical thinking ANS: 2Virginia Hendersons theory of nursing is to help people achieve health or a peaceful death so that they can be independent from the nurses assistance as quickly as possible. A caring relationship, integration of objective and subjective data, and application of critical thinking are included in the American Nurses Associations essential features of professional nursing. PTS:1DIF:Analyze REF:Emergence of Contemporary Nursing in the United States 3.A client tells the nurse that he has an HMO for his health insurance. The nurse understands that the purpose of this type of health plan is to: • ensure payment is made to Medicare for services rendered. • maximize the utilization of health care resources. • efficiently manage costs while providing quality care. • ANS: 3 Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were created to efficiently manage health care costs while providing quality care. An HMO is a type of managed care plan with the goal of providing wellness care and not focusing on the illness during the provision of care. HMOs do not ensure payment is made to Medicare for services rendered. HMOs also do not maximize the utilization of health care resources but rather uses financial incentives to decrease care costs. PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: Cost of Care • client tells the nurse that he does not have a primary care physician but rather makes an appointment with a doctor who specializes in the area in which he is experiencing a problem. The nurse realizes this client is at risk for which of the following? focus on the illness when providing care.• Fragmented care• Overpayment of services • Inability to sustain health • ANS: 1 In the 1980s, the close and trusting relationship between an individual and the individuals physician waned and was replaced by acquaintances with specialists based upon particular health care problems. These episodes of care cause fragmentation of care. The client who utilizes specialists is not at risk for overpayment of services, the inability to sustain health, or finding an appropriate general practitioner. PTS:1DIF:AnalyzeREFroviders of Care • The nurse is attending a masters degree program in efforts to be educationally prepared to serve as a hospital leader. The nurse realizes that this educational preparation will: • • hinder the nurses ability to work with physicians. be viewed as not supporting the profession of nursing by other nurses. • ensure the nurse is biased towards clinicians interests. prepare the nurse to serve as strong clinical support with the ability to integrate business and • caring. ANS: 4 The nurse is attending an educational program to serve as a hospital leader. This education will prepare the nurse to serve as strong clinical support with the ability to integrate business and caring. This education will not hinder the nurses ability to work Finding an appropriate general practitionerwith physicians. This education will not be viewed as unsupportive to the profession of nursing. Theeducation will ensure that the nurse is not biased towards clinicians interests. PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: Clinical Systems Leadership • client tells the nurse that all hospitals care about is doing the minimum for a client regardless of the outcome. Which of the following should the nurse respond to this client? • It does feel like that sometimes. • Health insurance companies have caused this problem. • The doctors will get paid regardless of the clients outcomes. There are quality programs in place to make sure clients receive the best quality of care regardless • of the cost. ANS: 4 In response to concerns about safety and quality of care voiced by clients and providers, total quality management and continuous quality improvement programs were initiated. These programs ensure society that cost management is not compromising safety or quality. This is what the nurse should respond to the client. The other choices do not address the clients concerns nor do they explain quality management programs. PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: Quality Measure Shift • The nurse is providing care at a time that is the most beneficial to the client. The nurse is implementing which of the following Joint Commission Dimensions of Quality Performance? • Safety • Timeliness • Efficiency• Availability ANS: 2 The dimension of timeliness means the degree in which interventions are provided at the most beneficial time to the client. Safety means the degree in which the risk of an intervention and risk to the environment are reduced for both client and health care provider. Efficiency means the degree in which care has the desired effect with a minimum of effort, waste, or expense. Availability means the degree in which appropriate interventions are available to meet the clients needs. PTS:1DIF:Analyze REF:Box 1-1 Joint Commission Dimensions of Quality Performance • The nurse is providing care while adhering to safety as a Joint Commission Dimension of Quality Performance. Which of the following did the nurse provide to the client? • • Using a needleless device when providing intravenous medications Keeping the siderails of the bed in the down position after providing a pain medication to a client • Having the client sit in a wheelchair with the wheels in the unlocked position • ANS: 1 The dimension of safety means the degree in which the risk of an intervention and risk to the environment are reduced for both client and health care provider. The nurse who uses a needleless device when providing intravenous medications is adhering to this dimension. Keeping the siderails in the down position is not a safe practice. Having a client sit in a wheelchair with the wheels unlocked is not a safe practice. Placing cloth towels over a spill in the room of an ambulatory client is not a safe practice. Placing cloth towels over a spill in the room of an ambulatory clientPTS:1DIF:Analyze REF:Box 1-1 Joint Commission Dimensions of Quality Performance • The nurse is planning and providing care while adhering to theAmerican Nurses Association definition of professional nursing. Which of the following does the nurse include when implementing client care? • • • Follows the NANDA nursing diagnoses process Integrates objective and subjective data Respects cultural diversity of peers • Acknowledges the experience and training of physicians ANS: 2 The American Nurses Association acknowledges six essential features of professional nursing. These include: 1) a caring relationship, 2) attention to the full range of human health and illness experiences, 3) integrates objective and subjective data, 4) applies scientific knowledge and critical thinking, 5) advances nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry, and 6) promotes social justice. The nurse integrating objective and subjective data is implementing one of the six essential features of professional nursing. The other choices are not essential features of professional nursing. PTS:1DIF:Analyze • The nurse has shifted her practice from an illness focus to a health focus. Which of the following has this nurse implemented? • • • Standardized care plans Critical pathways Instructing a client on relaxation techniques to aid with sleep • Holding around-the-clock medication when a client is asleepANS: 3 The use of client education as a strategy to attain and maintain the potential for health is an example of the shift of care from an illness focus to a health focus. The nurse instructing a client on relaxation techniques to aid with sleep is implementing a health focus of care. The other choices do not support the shift from an illness focus to a health focus. PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: Leadership • client is admitted with a highly communicable disease. The nurses do not want to participate in the care of this client. Which of the following should be done to ensure the client receives the highest quality of care? • Adhere to strict standard precautions. • Plan to have the client transferred to another health care organization. • Ask the physician if the client can be cared for in the home. • Suspend the nurses without pay who refuse to care for the client. ANS: 1 When providing care in a highly global environment, the risks of communicable diseases increases. In the event that a client is admitted with a highly communicable disease and the nurses are fearing for their own health and safety, the only safe approach is to ensure all staff adhere to strict standard precautions. The other choices do not ensure that the client will receive the highest quality of care. The nurses must learn emotional intelligence and resolve issues under fire. • The nurse has been an employee of an organization for 2 years and is considering a job change. Which of the following does this nurses plan suggest to any future employers?• The nurse moves to other jobs too frequently.• The nurse is inflexible. • The nurse is searching for a more challenging environment with career opportunities. • The nurse is willing to sacrifice home and personal life for a job. ANS: 3 At one point in time, job changes every 2 or 3 years was considered a red flag for employers. This does not hold true today. The nurse who changes jobs every 2 or 3 years is interested in career advancement and success. Creativity is valued and opportunities are desired. Moving to another job in 2 to 3 years does not mean the nurse is inflexible. The new generation of nurses does not want to sacrifice home and personal life for a job. PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: Care Delivery Models • The nurse is experiencing pain and fatigue in both arms when using the computer to document client care. Which of the following can the nurse do to reduce these symptoms? • • Refuse to use the computer and document using a pen and paper. Stand up when using the computer. • Adjust the keyboard and chair to reduce the pressure on the wrists and arms. • Ask another nurse to input the information for client care activities. ANS: 3 Ergonomic hazards are increasing with health care providers and nurses in particular. Many of these hazards are because of the implementation of computers for documentation. The nurse should adjust the keyboard and chair to reduce the pressure on the wrists and arms when documenting with the computer. The nursecannot refuse to use the computer. Standing up may not reduce the nurses symptoms. The nurse cannot legally ask another nurse to document client care.