FUNDAMENTALS SAFETY & INFECTION CONTROL TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Factors affecting safety -age -development -lifestyle -mobility -health status -sensory-perceptual alterations -cognitive status -psychosocial state -ability to communicate -safety awareness -environmental factors Maslow 1. physiological 2. safety 3. comfort 4. psychological 5. social 6. spiritual Brainpower Read More 0:07 / 0:15 To prevent client injury, healthcare workers must be aware of _____ -knowing how to assess clients and their environment for safety -encouraging clients to be involved in their health care & prevention of errors -creating a culture that checks & balances to avoid errors under stress -communicating risk factors & plan of care w/clients, family, & other workers per protocol -protocols for responding to dangerous situations -quality care priorities established by national quality forum -using current evidence to promote culture of safety -know disaster plan -id & document incidents & responses per agency policy Who is at risk for falls? -decreased visual acuity -generalized weakness -urinary frequency (diuretics) -gait & balance problems -cognitive dysfunction -meds w/SE of orthostatic hypotension or drowsiness --> antihypertensives, sleeping agents, antipsychotics, antidepressants -older adults Nurses responsibility w/fall prevention -make others aware of fall risk -keep bed in lowest position -provide w/non-skid footwear -keep floor free of clutter w/clear path to bathroom -providing adequate lighting -orient client to setting & making sure the client understands how to use all assistive devices -keep assistive devices near client -educate client & family about identified risks & plan of care -keep close to nurses station -answer call lights fast -bed rails should be up -lock wheels -bed / chair alarms -report & document all incidents per health care policy A client with a history of seizures should be assessed for _______ -frequency of seizures -type & date of late seizure -medications -triggers Nursing interventions for seizures -keep rescue equipment at bedside --> oxygen, oral airway, suction equipment -remove items in environment that could cause harm -assist w/ambulation & transfer -do not put anything in the patient's mouth -padded side rails -frequently monitor What should the nurse do if a seizure occurs -do not restrain patient -call for help -observe ABCs -lower patient to floor -protect client's head -remove nearby furniture -provide privacy -put client on side if possible -loosen clothes to prevent injury & promote dignity -stay with client -administer meds as ordered -note duration of seizure type & movement observed -document seizure in record Nursing responsibilities after seizure -assess mental status, oxygen sats, & VS -educate client about what has occurred -provide comfort & understanding & a quiet environment while the client recovers -document seizure in record w/any precipitating behaviors & description of event -report seizure to doc Equipment Safety -only used after safety inspection -not used if frayed, cords, loose, or missing parts -electrical equipment must be grounded -->3 pronged plug & grounded outlet -disconnect all equipment prior to cleaning -all pumps have free-flowing protection to prevent an overdose of fluids or meds -do not overcrowd outlets & use extension cords only when absolutely necessary -remove malfunctioning equipment Safety principles for radiation -keep most distance from source -minimize amount of time near source -wear lead gloves / aprons -wear radiation or dosimetry badge to monitor the amount of radiation exposure -do not touch radioisotope containers -a client w/implanted radioisotope should be in a private room w/private bath -dispose of bodily fluids in marked container -use long-handled forceps to move any dislodged implants PPE general rules Gloves -use whenever touching a hazardous or infectious material Mask & Googles -whenever chance of splashing Gown -whenever chance of transfer of material to scrubs Shoe barriers -whenever chance of transfer or splashing Fire Safety: RACE R: Rescue A: Alarm C: Confine E: Extinguish Classes of Fire Extinguishers A: Paper, wood, upholstery, rags, other trash B: Flammable liquids & gases C: Electrical fires Fire Safety: PASS P: Pull pin A: Aim at base of fire S: Squeeze handle S: Sweep from side to side Factors related to safety in delivery of client care -supplies in multiple locations, supplies not adequately stocked -repetitive travel (to room, nurses' station, supply locations) -unexpected situations, interruptions, & distractions -pauses to wait for system services (computers / omnicell) -miscommunications -errors due to handwriting -labeling What can nurses do to promote client safety? -follow all safety checks -check name band -use effective communications -use critical thinking & nursing process -rely on evidence based practice Internal Emergencies -loss of electrical power or portable water -severe damage or casualties w/in facility related to fire, weather (tornado, hurricane), explosion, or terrorist attack Readiness: -safety & hazardous material protocols -infection control policies External Emergencies -hurricanes -floords -volcanoes -earthquakes -disease epidemics -industrial accidents -chemical plant explosions -major transportation accidents -building collapse -terrorist attacks (bio / chem warfare) Readiness: -community-wide emergency planning Risk Assessment -populations at risk -worst case scenario -previous disasters -community wide planning & warning systems in place -type of response teams & resources -evacuation measures & environmental dangers Emergent Category (Class I) for Triage -highest priority -given to clients with life-threatening injuries but that have a high chance of survival w/intervention -red tag Urgent Category (Class II) for Triage -second highest priority -major but not life-threatening injuries -can wait 45 min to 1 hour for treatment -yellow tag Non-Urgent Category (Class III) for Triage -clients who have minor injuries -do not need immediate attention -green tag Expectant Category (Class IV) for Triage -clients who are not expected to live -allowed to die naturally -may provide comfort measures -black tag Bio-terrorism Categories Category A: -highest priority -risk to national security -easily transmitted & high mortality rate -ex: smallpox, botulism, anthrax, plague Category B: -second highest priority -easily disseminated w/moderate morbidity & mortality rates -ex: typhus & cholera Category C: -emerging pathogens that can be engineered in the future for mass dissemination -easily reproduced &/or high morbidity & mortality rates -ex: hipha virus & hantavirus