acid base balance and ABG's fully solved rated A+ already passed

acid base balance and ABG'swhat is the purpose of the acid/base balance in the body? - correct answer to maintain a steady balance between acids and bases to achieve homeostasis what health problems can lead to an acid/base imbalance? - correct answer diabetes mellitus, vomiting and diarrhea, respiratory conditions how can diabetes mellitus lead to an acid/bas imbalance? - correct answer diabetic ketoacidosis, high sugar, low o2 what values assess adequacy of oxygenation? - correct answer po2, sao2 what value assesses adequacy of ventilation? - correct answer pco2 what values assess acid-base balance? - correct answer pH, HCO3 what values do you use to determine the amount of o2 in the blood? - correct answer sao2 combined with Hgb; pulse ox can be affected by anemia and hypoventilation what value can determine the amount of 02 dissolved in the plasma? - correct answer po2 what do normal pao2 values assume? - correct answer you are breathing RA is pco2 affected by age? - correct answer no what value does age effect and how is it effected? - correct answer po2 decreases with age (over 80) due to alveolar insufficiency how does Hgb level relate to acidity or alkalinity of the blood? - correct answer Hgb hold on to o2 when blood is alkaline and drops it off when the blood is acidic what is the Fio2, state the norm and what can affect it? - correct answer the fraction of inspired air; RA=21% at sea level, lower at higher elevations how does the body adapt to higher altitudes? - correct answer lower o2 in RA, body makes more RBC's to carry more o2-->increases the viscosity of the blood and with it, the risk for clots what is low as a baseline in pt's with acute/chronic respiratory diseases? - correct answer low po2 define hypoxemia, what value determines it? - correct answer decreased ability of Hgb to transport o2, affected by shifts to the left/right on oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve; po2<60 mmHg what factors can shift the curve to the left? - correct answer decrease in H+ conc., pco2, or temp; increase in pH what factors can shift the curve to the right? - correct answer and increase in H+ conc., pco2, temp; decrease in pH what are the early s/s of hypoxemia? (6) - correct answer tachycardia, arrythmias, increased BP, restlessness, irritability, diaphoresis what are the late s/s of hypoxemia? (4) - correct answer central cyanosis, decreased cognition, lethargy, coma when does cyanosis occur? - correct answer when 5 gms of Hgb are desaturated; norm is 12-18 gms what is polycthemmia and how does it effect Hgb reading in dx'ing cyanosis? - correct answer a condition where body makes too many RBC's; it is normal to have high levels of unsaturated Hgb levels-"cyanosis" is insignificant what is anemia and how does it affect Hgb reading in dx'ing cyanosis? - correct answer low Hgb levels