AP World (units 3 & 4)question n answers graded A+ 2023/2024

AP World (units 3 & 4)3.1: Empires Expand - correct answer -Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. -Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; the Mughal in South and Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East. -Political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. Bureaucracy - correct answer A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials Afro-Eurasian Land-Based Empires - correct answer -Ottoman Empire -Safavid Empire -Mughal Empire -Songhai Empire -Qing Dynasty (Manchus) -Russia Ottoman Empire - correct answer -Started by Osman Bey -Mehmed II (The Conqueror) - captures the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, in 1493 with the use of cannons (gunpowder). They change name to Istanbul, and the city's strategic location on Bosporus Strait means control of trade. -Suleiman I - empire reaches peak. Uses strong navy to expand into Eastern Europe (Hungary and Mediterranean) Safavid Empire - correct answer The shah Ismail conquered most of Persia and parts of Iraq with the use of gunpowder. He made Shi'a Islam the official religion of his empire. This had a way of uniting his empire, but by doing this he denied legitimacy to any member of the other branch of Islam, the Sunnis. This caused conflicts with the Ottomans, who were Sunnis. Mughal Empire - correct answer In the 1520s, a man named Babur founded the Mughal Empire when India was in disarray. Babur completed conquest of northern India with the use of gunpowder, and established a central government similar to Suleiman's. Under Emperor Akbar's leadership, the Mughal Empire was one of the most prosperous and well led states in the world. Songhai Empire - correct answer Largest and last pre-colonial empire in West Africa From capital Gao, expanded in all directions until it reached the Atlantic Ocean to northwest Nigeria & central Niger. Ming Dynasty () - correct answer During this time, China's population doubled, and it began to develop into the powerhouse it is today. The Ming Dynasty essentially expanded China's trade and mercantile reputation, and it tied deep networks to the outside world including cultural ties with the West. The Ming Dynasty is also remembered for its developments in shaping a distinctly Chinese culture, drama, literature and world-renowned porcelain. Qing Dynasty (Manchus) - correct answer The Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongols was overthrown in 1368 and was replaced by the Ming Dynasty which held power in China well into the 1600s. Even so, the Mongolians were still a threat, so the Ming state restored and expanded the Great Wall of China. Around the mid 17th century, another group called the Manchu from neighboring Manchuria seized power and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644. Under the leadership of Emperor Kangxi, the Qing territory was significantly expanded into Taiwan, Mongolia, Central Asia, and Tibet. Russian Empire - correct answer -Territory stretched from east to west, meaning it was in a pivotal position to get wealthy on trade. -Ivan IV was crowned tsar in 1547 and later became known as Ivan the Terrible. He was able to expand further east and took much of the land held by the Mongolian Khans. -Oath of allegiance to the tsar and demanded yasak (tribute of furs) -Cossacks: forefront of expansion, bands of independent warriors consisting of peasants that escaped serfdom, criminals, and adventurers. -Very multiethnic empire -Contact with Europe promoted westernization policies as they became aware of their backwardness. -Russian motives for expansion - Security concerns drew Russians south/east (raiding and slavery) and opportunity (animal fur pelts) drew them east across Siberia