ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 – Cala Questions With Complete Solutions

What is Autosomal Dominant Inheritance? correct answer: - Dominant Allele - Males and females likely to inherit trait. - "Dominant"- having at least one allele is all it takes What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance? correct answer: - Recessive Allele - Males and Females equally affected - Needs both alleles to be recessive to have trait - Having only one makes person a "carrier," no expression How do bad alleles happen? correct answer: - Mutations, change the genomic sequences - Mutation can, have no effect, create a different product, prevent gene from functioning - Not all mutations are "bad" What are Somatic Mutations? correct answer: Mutations not transferred to next generation Example: Cancer When can mutations affect descending generations? correct answer: If mutations occur in cells that become gametes (in Meiosis), mutations can be passed to next generation What can cause mutations? correct answer: Radiation, Viruses, Chemicals, or errors during Meiosis or DNA replication Homozygous parentals with different traits correct answer: Phenotype dominant X Recessive What is a Monohybrid Cross? correct answer: Crossed F1 X F1 What is Backcross? correct answer: Crossed F1 back to recessive parental What is Probability? correct answer: Used when more than two traits 0 = 0% & Event will not happen 1 = 100% & Event will happen The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of an event must be 1 "and" --->Multiply "or"----> Add Genetic Example 1: Mendel crossed two heterozygous smooth-, yellow-seeded F1 plants. What's the probability that the offspring was smooth-, green-seeded? correct answer: - Probability that it's smooth = 3/4 - Probability that it's green = 1/4 - Probability that it's smooth and green = 3/ 4 x 1/4 = 3/16 Genetic Example 2: What's the probability of obtaining a wrinkled-, green- seeded, tall, purple-flowered offspring from a self-cross of heterozygous round-seeded, yellow-seeded, tall, purple- flowered F1 pea plants? correct answer: AaBbCcDd×AaBbCcDd - Probability that it's wrinkled (aa) = 1/4 - Probability that it's green (bb) = 1/4 - Probability that it's tall (CC or Cc) = 3/4 - Probability that it's purple (DD or Dd) = 3/4 - Probability that it's wrinkled, green, tall, purple = 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 9/256 Genetic Example 3: correct answer: Probability Example 1: Joe and Amy plan to have two children. Whats the probability that the first is a boy and the second is a girl? correct answer: -0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25 Probability Example 2: What's the probability of having a family with all girl children, assuming the family has 5 children? correct answer: - 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 = (0.5)5 = 0.03125 What is Co-Dominance? correct answer: Two alleles both affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways I^A: Dominant I^B: Dominant I^A and I^B: C0-Dominant i: recessive How do blood types work? Type A correct answer: Type A glycopro