ABO EXAM PREPARATIONS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024

ABO EXAM PREPARATIONS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 Accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER-Focusing of the eye in a near object theough relaxation of the ciliary muscle and thickening of the lens. Amblyopia - CORRECT ANSWER-The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye. Ametropia - CORRECT ANSWER-A refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the image of an object upon the retina, includes hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism Aniseikonia - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be fused into a single impression Anisometropia - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other; each eye must have the same sign i.e. Both eyes are myopic or hyperopic Antimetropia - CORRECT ANSWER-The refractive condition whereby the signs in each eye are opposite; one eye is hyperopic while the other is myopic Aphakia - CORRECT ANSWER-An absence of the crystalline Lens of the eye Aqueous humor - CORRECT ANSWER-The clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers within the front part of the eye Astigmatism - CORRECT ANSWER-A refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina because of the different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the eye Cataract - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye, or its capsule, or both become opaque with consequent loss of visual acuity Choroid - CORRECT ANSWER-The vascular intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to other parts of the eyeball Ciliary body - CORRECT ANSWER-That portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid. It consists of ciliary processes and the ciliary muscle Compound hyperopic astigmatism - CORRECT ANSWER-The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina Compound myopic astigmatism - CORRECT ANSWER-The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling in front of the retina Cornea - CORRECT ANSWER-The clear transparent portion of the outer coat of the eyeball forming the covering of the aqueous chamber Crystalline lens - CORRECT ANSWER-A transparent colorless body suspended in the front part of the eyeball, between the aqueous and the vitreous, the function of which is to bring the rays of light to focus on the retina Diplopia - CORRECT ANSWER-The seeing of one object as two Emmetropia - CORRECT ANSWER-The refractive condition of the normal eye when the eye is at rest, the image of distant objects is brought to a focus on the retina Fusion - CORRECT ANSWER-The power of coordination by which the images received by the two eyes become a single image Fovea - CORRECT ANSWER-A small depression in the retina at the back of the eye; the part of the macula adapted for most acute vision Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in intraocular pressure that the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function Hyperopia - CORRECT ANSWER-A refractive error in which, because the eyeball is short or the refractive power of the lens is weak, the point of focus for rays of light from distant objects falls behind the retina; accommodation to increase the refractive power of the lens is necessary for distance vision as well as near vision Iris - CORRECT ANSWER-The colored circular membrane suspended behind the cornea and immediately in front of the lens. The iris regulates the amount of light entering the the by changing the size of the pupil Irregular astigmatism - CORRECT ANSWER-A refractive condition caused by a cornea which is damaged and irregular so that rays of light come to many focal points on the retina; is not correctable by cylinders Iseikonic lenses - CORRECT ANSWER-Spectacle lenses specifically designed to manipulate image size when dissimilar sizes makes it difficult or impossible for fusion to occur; such as in Aniseikonia