AP Biology An Introduction to Metabolism (AP Bio) Questions With Complete Solutions

Metabolism correct answer: The totality of the chemical reactions that take place in living organisms. Metabolic Pathways correct answer: A sequence of steps, each controlled by an enzyme, that convert a specific molecule to a product. Catabolic Pathways correct answer: Release energy stored in complex molecules by breaking them down into simpler compounds. Anabolic Pathways correct answer: Require energy to combine simpler molecules into more complicated ones. The energy released in catabolic pathways drive the anabolic pathways in a cell. Bioenergetics correct answer: The study of how organisms transform energy. Energy correct answer: the capacity to cause change Kinetic Energy correct answer: the energy of motion. heat correct answer: the kinetic energy of randomly moving molecules. (thermal energy) Potential Energy correct answer: the capacity of matter to cause change as a consequence of its location or arrangement Chemical Energy correct answer: a form of potential energy that is stored in the arrangement of atoms in molecules and available for release in chemical reactions. Thermodynamics correct answer: the study of energy transformations Open systems correct answer: energy may be exchanged between systems and surroundings First Law of Thermodynamics correct answer: states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can be transformed and transferred though. The energy of the universe is constant. Second law of Thermodynamics correct answer: The transfer or transformation of energy leads to an increase of entropy. Entropy correct answer: disorder or randomness Spontaneous reaction correct answer: Must be an increase in entropy for this to happen..(S must increase) The free energy of a system must decrease (-∆G) System must loose energy (H must decrease) nonspontaneous reaction correct answer: energy must be added to the system Free energy correct answer: The portion of a system's energy available to perform work when the system's