DCF Child Growth and Development CGAD |172 questions and answers

What is a theory? A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena(a fact or behavior that can be observed) How do you create a positive environment for children in your care? *Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement. *Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day. *Ensure the environment feels safe for the child. *Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child. *Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration. Abraham Maslow developed what? The hierarchy of human needs How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have? Five What are the 5 levels of Maslows hierarchy? Level 1-Physical Level 2-Comfort and Saftey Level 3- Social Level 4-Self-esteem Level 5-Self-Actualizing What are examples of a Physical need? *Air to breathe *Shelter to protect *Water to drink *Food to eat *Clothes to wear *Health care What are examples of Comfort and Saftey? *Safety *Security *Stability *Transportation *Safe relationships *Child care What are some examples of Self-Esteem? *Adequacy *Confidence *Importance *Sense of efficiency,capability,resilency,hopefulness *Ability to cope and problem solve What are some examples of Self-Actualizing? *Fulfill one's life purpose and meaning *Being all that one is able to be *Spirituality *Personal emotional response *Refinement of interpersonal skills What does the heirarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional? *Basic needs must be met first,when not met,the child's self worth suffers. *Neglect can occur at all levels,not just basic needs.All needs are important. *Child care professionals need to be aware of the family circumstances to understand what needs are beig met at home. What are some hints that will help you remember Maslows's theory? *If you close the "M" at the bottom, it will form triangles or pyramids. *Maslow studies human needs. *What motivates children to act the way they do? Needs being met. Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished? Yes Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what? Fulfilling one's life with purpose and meaning. Erik Erikson developed what? He developed eight pyschosocial stages through which humans develop throughout their entire lifetime. It is called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development. How is Erik Erikson recognized? As a development pyschologist who can be compared to Sigmund Freud because of his theory that humans develop in stages. What are each of Erikson's stages called? Conflicts Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what? A strong social and emotional life. What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at? Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year) What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years) What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years) What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8? They are important in the study of human development,but they are less significant in child development,because Erikson believes that they occur after the age of 12. What is the meaning of Trust vs. Conflict *Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent,comforting environment. *When needs are met,trust is established. *Trust builds a emotional foundation. *A lack of trust can result in proor emotional stability. What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt? *Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. *When autonomy is allowed a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. *A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity. What is the meaning of Initiative vs. Guilt? *When initiative is encourged,a person experiments within one's environment. *4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. *Children who can't explore will be prone to guilt for their actions. *A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth. What does Erikson's theory mean to a child care professional? It means they can: *Create relationships with children based on trust. *Allow children to exercise autonomy whenever safe and practical. *Guide children to initiate activity or portions of activities whenever safe and practical. *Promote the building of your children's creativity during activities.