Evolution Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Evolution Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass A well supported, testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world is called a _____. Theory Darwin's voyage on the H.M.S. _____ led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about life. Beagle Darwin's hypothesis about how life changes over time is now called the Theory of _____. Evolution Of all the places he visited, the ______ Islands influenced Darwin's ideas about evolution the most. Galapagos When farmers select the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that produce the most milk for breeding is called ________. Artificial Selection In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called _____. Fossils On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants _______. Varied from island to island When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? Survival of the fittest What ideas of Lamarck were later found to be INCORRECT? Acquired characteristics can be inherited Survival of the fittest was also called _____ by Darwin. Natural selection Struggle for existence could also be called ____. Competition Structures that are so reduced in size that they are nonfunctional are called ____ organs. Vestigial Vertebrate limbs which have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are examples of ____. Homologous structures Adaptive radiation is also called ____. Divergent evolution Which scientist would have described the following: natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter necked giraffes and longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their genes. Darwin Which scientist would have described the following: some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food and passed that trait on. Lamarck Whales, sharks, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water even though they belong in different classes of animals (mammals, fish, & birds). This is an example of ____ evolution. Convergent This scientist proposed that the Earth was shaped by geological forces that took place over millions of years. James Hutton This scientist stressed that scientists can explain past events in terms of processes occurring they can observe happening now. Charles Lyell English naturalist who made numerous observations during his travels which led him to propose a theory about how life changes over time. Charles Darwin French naturalist who proposed that the selective use or disuse of an organ led to a change in the organ and that these acquired traits could be passed on to offspring. Jean-Baptists Lamarck English economist who predicted that the human population would grow faster than the resources needed to sustain it. Thomas Malthus Naturalist who published his own theory of evolution by natural selection about the same time as Charles Darwin. Alfred Wallace The idea that all living things are derived from a common ancestor and linked together in a "single tree of life" is called ____. Common descent The inability of humans and other primates to make _____ suggests a common ancestor and supports the idea of evolution. Vitamin C A change in the DNA sequence caused by a mistake in replication or exposure to radiation or chemicals Mutation Idea that members of each species must compete regularly for food, space, and mates. Struggle for existence The idea that individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, passing on their fitness to their offspring and increasing the fitness of the species over time. Survival of the fittest The study of the history of the Earth, especially the Earth's history as recorded in rock Geology The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment Fitness Any characteristic that increases an organisms's chance for survival Adaptation Similar grasslands exist but support totally different types of animals Geographic distribution What is a vestigial organ in a whale? a hipbone What is a vestigial organ in a human? appendix A gene that is present but has mutated so it has lost its function is called a _____. Pseudogene Whales & wolves share a common ancestor but don't look anything alike. This is an example of ____ evolution. Divergent Tell one reason why human chromosomes #2 suggests a relationship between humans and chimpanzees. 1. Banding patterns match 2. Extra centomere 3. Telomere found in the middle Darwin was prompted to publish his ideas about evolution by ______. an essay by Wallace on evolution