ACSM EP-C Test Questions With Verified Answers

Physical Activity - Answer any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in substantial increase in caloric req. over resting energy expenditure Exercise - Answer type of PA consisting of planned, structure, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve and/or maintain one or more components of physical fitness Health Related Physical Fitness Components - Answer Cardiorespiratory endurance Body composition Muscular strength Muscular endurance Fkexibility Skill-Related Physical Fitness Componets - Answer Agility Coordination Balance Power Reaction time Speed Very light/light METs - Answer <3.0 Moderate METs - Answer 3.0-5.9 Virgorous METs - Answer > or = 6.0 ACSM-AHA PA recommendations - Answer All healthy adults 18-65 should participate in moderate intensity aerobic PA for a min. of 30 min 5 days/week OR vigorous intensity aerobic PA for a min. of 20 min 3 days/week Muscular strength and endurance for min. of 2 days/weel Primary Physical Activity Recommendations 2008 - Answer Participate in energy expenditure = to 150 (DR:300) min/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity OR 75 (DR:150) min/week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity Muscle strengthening >2 days/week Risk Factors: Age - Answer Men >= 45 Women >=55 Risk Factors: Family history - Answer MI, coronary revascularization, sudden death before 55 in dad, 65 in mom Risk Factors: Cigarette smoking - Answer Current/quit within past 6 months/exposure Risk Factors: Physical inactivty - Answer Not participating in at least 30 min of moderate intensity PA at least 3 days/week for at least 3 mo Risk Factors: Obesity - Answer BMI >= 30 kg/m or waist >102 cm for men/>88cm for women Risk Factors: Hypertension - Answer SBP >= 140 mmHg, DBP >=90 mmHg on at least 2 separate occasions Risk Factors: Dyslipidemia - Answer LDL >= 130 mg/dL, HDL <40, on lipid-lowering meds OR total serum cholesterol >= 200 Risk Factors: Diabetes - Answer Fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg/dL or 2 hr plasma glucose values in oral glucose tolerance >= 200 Negative Risk Factors: HDL-C (Takes away 1 from total #) - Answer >= 60 mg/dL Normal BP - Answer <120 mmHg <80 mmHg Prehypertension - Answer 120-139 mmHg 80-89 mmHg Stage 1 Hypertension - Answer 140-159 mmHg 90-99 mmHg Stage 2 Hypertension - Answer >= 160 >= 100 Obstructive airway diseases - Answer Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, COPD Restrictive disorders - Answer Kyphoscoliosis, neuromuscular disease, pulmonary fibrosis, other interstitial lung disease Underweight BMI - Answer <18.5 Normal BMI - Answer 18.5-24.9 Overweight BMI - Answer 25-29.9 Obesity class I BMI - Answer 30-34.9 Obesity class II BMI - Answer 35-39.9 Obesity class III BMI - Answer >= 40 Skinfold sites: abdominal - Answer vertical fold: 2 cm to the R of the belly button Skinfold sites: triceps - Answer vertical fold: on the posterior midline of the upper arm, halfway b/t the acromion and olecronon processes, w/ arm freely to the side Skinfold sites: biceps - Answer vertifcal fold: on the anterior aspect of the arm, 1 cm above the level used for triceps (just on the opposite site) Skinfold sites: chest/pectoral - Answer diagonal fold: 1/2 distance b/t the anterior axillary line & nipple for men, 1/3 distance for women Skinfold sites: medial calf - Answer vertical fold: at the max circumference of the calf on the midline of its medial border Skinfold sites: midaxillary - Answer vertical fold: on the midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum Skinfold sites: subscapular - Answer diagonal fold: 1-2 cm below the interior angle of the scapula Skinfold sites: suprailiac - Answer diagonal fold: in line w/ the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest Skinfold sites: thigh - Answer vertical fold: on the anterior midline of the thigh, midway b/t the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip) General Indication for Stopping An Exercise Test - Answer 1. Onset of angina or angina-like symptoms 2. Drop in SBP >= 10 mmHg with an increase in work rate or if SBP decreases below the value obtained in the same position prior to testing 3. Excessive rise in BP: SBP >250 mmHg, DBP >115 mmHg 4. Shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps, claudication 5. Signs of poor perfusion: light headedness, confusion, ataxia, pallow, cyanosis, nausea, cold/clammy skin 6. Failure of HR to increase w/ increased exercise intensity 7. Noticeable change in heart rhythm by palpation or auscultation 8. Subject requests to stop 9. Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue 10. Failure of the testing equipment Absolute Contraindications to Symptom-Limited Maximal Exercise Testing - Answer 1) Acute myocardial infacrtion w/in 2 days 2) Ongoing unstable angina 3) Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias w/ hemodynamic compromise 4) Active endocarditis 5) Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis 6) Decompensated HF 7) Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep venous thrombosis 8) Acute myocarditis or pericarditis 9) Physical disability that precludes safe & adequate testing Relative Contraindications to Symptom-Limited Maximal Exercise Testing - Answer 1) Known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis 2) Moderate to severe aortic stenosis w/ uncertain relationship to symptoms 3) Tachyarrhythmias w/ uncontrolled ventricular rates 4) Acquired advanced or complete heart block 5) Recent stroke or transient ischemia attack 6) Mental impairment w/ limited ability to cooperate 7) Resting HTN w/ systolic >200 mmHg or diastolic >110 mmHg 8) Uncorrected medical conditions, such as significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism Absolute Indications for Terminating a Symptom-Limited Maximal Exercise Test - Answer 1) ST elevation in leads w/o preexisting Q waves bc of prior MI 2) Drop in SBP of >10 mmHg, despite an increase in workload, when accompanied by other evidence 3) Moderate to severe angine 4) CNS symptoms (ataxia, dizziness, near syncope) 5) Signs of poor perfusion (cyanosis or pallor) 6) Sustained ventricular tachycardia or other arrhythmia, including 2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular block, that interferes w/ normal maintenance of CO during exercise 7) Technical difficulties monitoring the ECG or SBP 8) Subject requests to stop Relative Indications for Terminating a Symptom-Limited Maximal Exercise Test - Answer 1) Marked ST displacement (horizontal or downsloping of >2 mm, measured 60-80 ms after the J point in a pt w/ suspected ischemia) 2) Drop in SBP >10 mmHg (persistently below baseline) despite an increase in workload, in the absence of other evidence 3) Increasing chest pain 4) Fatigue, shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps, claudication 5) Arrhythmias other than sustained ventricular tachycardia, including multifocalectopy, ventricular triplets, supraventricular tachycardia, and bradyarrhythmias that have the potential to become more complex or to interfere w/ hemodynamic stability 6) Exaggerated hypertensive response (SBP >250 mmHg, DBP >115 mmHg) 7) Development of BBB that cannot be distinguished from ventricular tachycardia 8) SpO2 <= 80% Constitutional law - Answer The federal government and state have authority for government within constitutions that define how it will function and what its responsibilities are Case law - Answer Based on decisions of courts, administrative tribunals and judicial decisions (tribunals could refer to either a single person or institution) Statutory law - Answer Enacted by mandates (official laws) from federal, state, and municipal governments; this law imposes duties or restrictions upon individuals Administrative law - Answer Found within bodies/agencies granted law-making power to regulate specific activities (e.g., OSHA). Deviations in which plane are referred to as "hyperlordosis"? - Answer sagittal During the concentric phase of extension at the knee joint, the ________ work as an agonist and the ________ work as the antagonist. - Answer quadriceps, hamstrings VO2 is lower than required to create adequate energy during exercise via the oxidative energy systems. This is known as: - Answer oxygen deficit What assessments are MOST important to complete before beginning resistance training? - Answer Posture, functional movement, muscular strength, and endurance Which of the following is an endurance exercise training adaptation that benefits those with coronary artery disease? - Answer provides relief of symptoms ____________ is the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the ventricular contraction phase. - Answer Systolic blood pressure Medications that affect heart rate and/or blood pressure response during exercise include: - Answer diuretics Health and fitness benefits occur with at least ______ minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity. - Answer 150 Which of the following forms discusses the risks and benefits of performing assessments and exercise? - Answer informed consent In reviewing your client's medical history, you note that she is on lipid lowering medication and her high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is 62 mg · dL−1. Based on her profile, how many total risk factors does she have? - Answer 0 One of the key health concerns of having a high stress level, which exercise can positively impact, is: - Answer negative blood lipid levels Your client is a 30-year-old male who has not been active in the last few months. He has completed all the forms, and you observe that he does not have any risk factors. He reports that he experienced some shortness of breath while playing a pickup basketball game this weekend, something he hasn't done in a year. You should: - Answer Perform the appropriate assessments and plan on an exercise program that gradually increases in intensity. Defining criteria for the hypertension risk factor for cardiovascular disease is: - Answer BP 140/90 mmHg Which organizations publish formal screening guidelines for those who plan to participate in physical activity? - Answer ACSM and AHA Which of the following is a positive risk factor? -Woman greater than or equal to 50 years of age. -Men over 40 years of age. -High-density lipoprotein 55 mg/dL -Regular exposure to tobacco smoke - Answer Regular exposure to tobacco smoke Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cardiovascular disease? - Answer Pain or discomfort in the neck, jaw, or arms while standing A heart murmur that is clinically significant may be indicative of: - Answer valvular heart disease Understanding nonverbal cues is important in establishing a successful client relationship because: - Answer more information is communicated in this manner A low to high diagonal chop using a medicine ball takes place in: - Answer multiple planes Following the initial client contact, what are the next steps after the client has completed and returned all forms to you? - Answer review paperwork & clarify goals Which of the following is WITHIN the scope of practice for Certified Exercise Physiologists? - Answer Helping clients gain a better understanding of portion sizes and healthful foods so they can make better choices Which of the following individuals are often at risk for other chronic diseases and may need additional medical screening? -Fasting HDL cholesterol 60 mg · dL−1 -BMI rating of 35 -Fasting blood glucose of 98 mg · dL− -Resting blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg - Answer BMI rating of 35 During the initial client-contact process, you find that your potential client would rather work with a trainer of another gender. You should: - Answer Refer the client to another Certified Exercise Physiologist who would be more compatible. During a moderate-intensity jog, which of the following systems are utilized within 2-3 minutes of the onset of exercise? - Answer Phosphagen & anaerobic glycolysis Which of the following is a negative risk factor? -HDL 60 mg/dL -blood pressure 135/80 mm Hg -women greater than or equal to 45 years of age. -body mass index > 30 - Answer HDL 60 mg/dL A weight loss of what percent is associated with a reduction in health risks? - Answer 10% In a sit-to-stand movement, where is the center of gravity? - Answer shifted over the base of support Regarding anatomy of the central nervous system, which of the following is TRUE? - Answer CNS is made up of the brain & spinal cord A 53-year-old female has family history of a heart attack (father at age 72). If she wishes to participate in moderate-intensity exercise, you should: - Answer Design an exercise program that progresses gradually in intensity and duration Upon reviewing a client's health history questionnaire, you notice that it has not been filled out completely. She states that she cannot remember but will look up the information at home and get back to you asap. You should: - Answer Consider any missing information as relating to a risk factor as positive. The frequency of breathing by the volume of air moved per breath per minute is known as: - Answer pulmonary ventilation To demonstrate outstanding customer service during your initial client contact, you should: - Answer arrive early or on time Joints between bones, along with bones and ligaments, collectively make up what system? - Answer the articular system ACSM recommends a diagnostic exercise test for clients with: - Answer type 2 diabetes for at least 10 years Most commercial exercise equipment has a "caution" that is MOST crucial for -Men ≥45 years old. -Those who are going to perform moderate physical activity. -Those who are new to experience in exercise and new to the facility. -Women ≥50 years old. - Answer Men ≥45 years old Before any health and fitness assessment is administered, the MOST important first course of action is to: - Answer Explain and demonstrate each assessment before the client is tested If a client must see a physician prior to starting a moderate-intensity exercise program, which of the following should be completed by both the client and physician? - Answer Medical clearance form