TEST BANK FOR EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION BY DAVID G. MYERS COMPLETE ALL CHAPTERS

TEST BANK FOR EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION BY DAVID G. MYERS COMPLETE ALL CHAPTERS. Surveys indicate that people are more likely to support “gun safety laws” than “gun control laws.” These survey results best illustrate the importance of a. random sampling. b. wording effects. c. the placebo effect. d. naturalistic observation. ANSWER: b 3. Questioning whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates a. critical thinking. b. functionalism. c. the biopsychosocial approach. d. introspection. ANSWER: a 4. In their research on people’s perception of how prisoners accused of terrorism are questioned, Dr. Pedersen and Dr. MacDonald have found that people are more approving of “enhanced interrogation” than “torture.” This finding demonstrates which of the following? a. survey b. naturalistic observation c. wording effects d. case study ANSWER: c 5. Patricia recently read an online article about the meaning of horoscopes, which explained how the locations of the stars at one’s birth determines one’s personality and life course. Patricia is skeptical of this information. She concludes that the assumptions and conclusions of this article are faulty, the writer is biased and lacks credibility, and the evidence to support this claim does not justify a cause-effect conclusion. Patricia has engaged in a. critical thinking. b. introspection. c. speculation. Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 d. emergent thinking. ANSWER: a 6. People often fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced by ________ cases. a. randomly selected b. vivid c. representative d. operationally defined ANSWER: b 7. Checking on the credibility of the sources of information you use in a class report is most indicative of a. a biopsychosocial approach. b. critical thinking. c. introspection. d. functionalism. ANSWER: b 8. Sixteen-year-old Marc would like to learn to drive, but his parents won’t let him. When he asks why, they remind him about two family members who were involved in collisions with younger drivers. “Teenagers are always getting into accidents,” his father tells him. Marc’s parents’ reasoning best illustrates the danger of a. replication. b. random assignment. c. the placebo effect. d. generalizing from vivid cases. ANSWER: d 9. Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions illustrates a. introspection. b. critical thinking. c. the psychodynamic perspective. d. an empirical approach. ANSWER: b 10. When people generalize from a few vivid but unrepresentative cases, they are falling prey to a. operational definitions. b. hypothesizing. c. hindsight bias. d. sampling bias. ANSWER: d Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 11. Critical thinking most clearly involves a. a biopsychosocial approach. b. introspection. c. evaluating evidence. d. the psychodynamic perspective. ANSWER: c 12. A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger a. control group. b. correlation coefficient. c. dependent variable. d. population. ANSWER: d 13. A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates a. behaviorism. b. critical thinking. c. introspection. d. Freudian psychology. ANSWER: b 14. All those in a group being studied make up the a. population. b. sample. c. case study. d. survey. ANSWER: a 15. Jennifer was worried that the wording of the questions in a diet and exercise survey may have encouraged respondents to express unusually positive levels of health. Jennifer’s concern best illustrates a. behavior genetics. b. skepticism. c. critical thinking. d. the neuroscience perspective. ANSWER: c 16. To learn about the gaming habits of all the children attending Eastchester High School, Professor Matteo randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school’s students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n) a. population. Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 b. representative sample. c. independent variable. d. control condition. ANSWER: a 17. Shane is discussing climate change with Brandon. Shane is convinced that climate change is not real because it has been an unusually cold summer. Brandon believes that climate change is real but is open to the possibility that he could be wrong. Who would be most likely to engage in critical thinking? a. Shane b. Brandon c. both Shane and Brandon d. neither Shane nor Brandon ANSWER: b 18. When every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as a. the case study. b. the double-blind procedure. c. random sampling. d. naturalistic observation. ANSWER: c 19. Which of the following is NOT associated with critical thinking? a. debunking popular presumptions b. making factual claims based on one’s gut c. revealing surprising findings d. identifying effective policies ANSWER: b 20. Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations? a. the case study b. naturalistic observation c. random sampling d. operational definitions ANSWER: c 21. Janice is concerned about pollution and its effects on the planet. She has read several news articles, paying careful attention to the content in the articles and the sources of the information. She has also reviewed information that seems contrary to her view. She is involved in a. critical thinking. Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 b. skepticism. c. making assumptions. d. sharing false information. ANSWER: a 22. Senator Scott always held his political rallies at large stadiums because of the big, enthusiastic crowds that attended. As a result, he became falsely confident of his chances of re-election. In this instance, the senator needs to be alerted to the value of a. replication. b. random sampling. c. experimental control. d. naturalistic observation. ANSWER: b 23. When you question the claim that hypnosis helps people to recall memories more accurately, you are most clearly demonstrating a. introspection. b. the neuroscience perspective. c. an empirical approach. d. critical thinking. ANSWER: d 24. To assess opinions about a planned student walkout at her school, Aaliyah sent a questionnaire to every tenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Aaliyah is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using a. random assignment. b. naturalistic observation. c. replication. d. random sampling. ANSWER: d 25. Who speculated that a meal makes us sleepy by causing gas and heat to collect around our heart? a. Aristotle b. Plato c. Skinner d. Darwin ANSWER: a 26. Suppose you want to find out which candidate women will vote for in an upcoming national election. To be sure the sample you survey is representative of the nation’s population of women, you should survey Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 a. only a small sample of women. b. only politically informed women. c. every woman in the country. d. a large representative sample of the population of women. ANSWER: d 27. Aristotle suggested the source of our personality is the a. brain. b. throat. c. heart. d. stomach. ANSWER: c 28. In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that a. the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying. b. there will be a large number of participants in the research study. c. the study will not be influenced by the researcher's personal values. d. the same number of participants will be assigned to each of the experimental conditions. ANSWER: a 29. Who developed the first psychological laboratory? a. Wundt b. Plato c. Freud d. James ANSWER: a 30. To accurately generalize study results, researchers need a. a good population base. b. a highly reliable survey. c. naturalistic observation. d. a representative sample. ANSWER: d 31. Wilhelm Wundt developed the first ________ used in psychology, which measured how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform. a. developmental study b. theoretical perspective c. experimental apparatus Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 d. subfield ANSWER: c 32. Dr. Dimitrov would like to study marijuana use among young adults. To generalize her findings to all young adults, she needs a representative sample. To obtain such a sample, Dr. Dimitrov should a. offer a reward to young adults who complete her questionnaire. b. use naturalistic observation in her study. c. seek a random sample of participants. d. exhibit sampling bias when selecting participants. ANSWER: c 33. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of a. animal intelligence. b. personality development. c. social influence. d. mental processes. ANSWER: d 34. Which two research designs often show that one trait or behavior tends to correlate with another? a. case study and experiment b. survey and correlation c. naturalistic observation and survey d. experiment and correlation ANSWER: c 35. The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes using a. a biopsychosocial perspective. b. an evolutionary perspective. c. positive psychology. d. scientific methods. ANSWER: d 36. Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors a. vary together. b. are random samples. c. influence each other. d. are dependent variables. ANSWER: a Name: Class: Date: TB1 Chapter 01: Multiple Choice Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 37. Which school of thought in psychology focused on the structure of the human mind? a. functionalism b. behaviorism c. structuralism d. humanism ANSWER: c 38. During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher rates of mask-wearing predicted fewer reported COVID-19 symptoms. We could also say that a. mask-wearing correlated negatively with reported COVID-19 symptoms. b. mask-wearing correlated positively with reported COVID-19 symptoms. c. there is a direct relationship between mask-wearing and reported COVID-19 symptoms. d. there is likely some third variable involved. ANSWER: a 39. Edward Titchener and others attempted to reveal the basic elements of the mind by asking people to look inward. They were using a method known as a. functionalism. b. empiricism. c. introspection. d. conditioning.