L6M8 Innovation in Procurement and
Supply
3D printing - Answer- The process of making a solid physical object using a three-
dimensional digital model, by adding many layers of material to build up the desired
shape
Ac3D printing - Answer- The process of making a solid physical object using a three-
dimensional digital model, by adding many layers of material to build up the desired
shape
Acidification - Answer- The release of certain emissions such as sulphur dioxide or
carbon dioxide, which reacts with moisture in the air to form damaging acids
Algorithm - Answer- A process or set of rules used in solving a problem, particularly by
a computer
Anthropogenic emissions - Answer- Emissions from economic activity, as opposed to
natural sources
Assumptions - Answer- Something that is perceived to be true but is not yet proven
Balanced scorecard - Answer- A performance management tool that can be used
internally, e.g., staff/departments, and can be used in contract/supplier management
Big Data - Answer- Large data sets which are analysed using data management
systems to identify patterns and trends
Biodiversity - Answer- The variety of plant and animal life in the world
Biological nutrient - Answer- A natural material which decomposes safely
Business case - Answer- A reasoned justification for an activity on the basis of its
expected commercial benefit
Business drivers - Answer- The internal and external factors which determine a
business' success
Carbon footprint - Answer- The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
as a result of a particular activity, or the actions of an organisation or community
Chain of custody - Answer- The paper trail proving the changing ownership of a
substance
,Channel fill - Answer- The means by which businesses sell products or services to
customers
Characterisation - Answer- Translating each flow into common equivalence units for
each environmental impact category
Chatbots - Answer- Software applications that mimic conversations with humans using
auditory or textual methods
Circular economy - Answer- An economic model based on the continuous cycles of
resources found in nature
Contract compliance - Answer- An aspect of contract management that checks to
ensure that the terms of a contract are being followed by a supplier
Creating shared value - Answer- A growth mindset leading to investment in
markets/supply chains for the mutual benefit of the producer and customer/supplier
Cross-functional involvement - Answer- Leveraging the expertise of groups and
individuals from relevant internal organisational functions and external supply partners
to deliver new product/ service development which would otherwise not occur
Cultural silos - Answer- Inward looking culture that is characterised by resistance
towards sharing information with people or entities from outside
Dashboard - Answer- A performance management tool that allows an organisation to
track the performance of key aspects of a contractor/supplier
Data - Answer- Facts that can be utilised for calculating past trends, making predictions
for the future and reasoned decision-making, and to aid planning
Data integration - Answer- Combining data from various sources using technical and
business processes to create meaningful information which can then be used for
decision-making
Data integrity - Answer- The completeness, accuracy and consistency of data
Decision tree - Answer- A decision support tool that uses a tree-like structure to
determine the consequences of different actions
Deming Cycle or PDCA cycle - Answer- This is a continuous quality improvement model
consisting of four repetitive steps for continuous improvement and learning: Plan, Do,
Check, Act
Dependence structure - Answer- The power relationships between supplier and
customer and relative dependence on each other
, Dependent variable - Answer- A variable whose value depends on that of another
variable
Design for disassembly - Answer- Designing products to make it easier to recover
quality materials for recycling
Diminishing returns - Answer- The phenomenon that, all else being equal, each
improvement to be one part of a process will add less value the more improvements
have already been made
Downcycling - Answer- Recycling where the resulting material is of lower quality than it
was in its original use
E-auction - Answer- In procurement e-auctions are used to get suppliers to bid for
contracts (reverse auctions)
E-catalogue - Answer- An electronic catalogue supported by Internet ordering and
payment capabilities
E-procurement - Answer- Electronic procurement through the Internet or network
systems
E-sourcing - Answer- An application enabled by the Internet to facilitate buyer and
supplier interactions, including online auctions and reverse auctions
Eco-design - Answer- Designing a product to address the most significant
environmental impacts of that product over its whole life cycle
Eco-efficiency - Answer- Minimising ecological harm whilst optimising the efficiency of
the company's production processes
Eco-label - Answer- A voluntary method of environmental performance certification and
labelling so purchasers can be confident minimum standards have been met
Ecological rucksack - Answer- The total amount of material required to produce a
material or product
Embodied carbon - Answer- The carbon emitted from the extraction of raw materials
and production of that product/service
Embodied energy - Answer- The total amount of energy required to produce a raw
material or a product
Employee engagement - Answer- The degree of positive emotional attachment that
employees feel to their job role
Supply
3D printing - Answer- The process of making a solid physical object using a three-
dimensional digital model, by adding many layers of material to build up the desired
shape
Ac3D printing - Answer- The process of making a solid physical object using a three-
dimensional digital model, by adding many layers of material to build up the desired
shape
Acidification - Answer- The release of certain emissions such as sulphur dioxide or
carbon dioxide, which reacts with moisture in the air to form damaging acids
Algorithm - Answer- A process or set of rules used in solving a problem, particularly by
a computer
Anthropogenic emissions - Answer- Emissions from economic activity, as opposed to
natural sources
Assumptions - Answer- Something that is perceived to be true but is not yet proven
Balanced scorecard - Answer- A performance management tool that can be used
internally, e.g., staff/departments, and can be used in contract/supplier management
Big Data - Answer- Large data sets which are analysed using data management
systems to identify patterns and trends
Biodiversity - Answer- The variety of plant and animal life in the world
Biological nutrient - Answer- A natural material which decomposes safely
Business case - Answer- A reasoned justification for an activity on the basis of its
expected commercial benefit
Business drivers - Answer- The internal and external factors which determine a
business' success
Carbon footprint - Answer- The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
as a result of a particular activity, or the actions of an organisation or community
Chain of custody - Answer- The paper trail proving the changing ownership of a
substance
,Channel fill - Answer- The means by which businesses sell products or services to
customers
Characterisation - Answer- Translating each flow into common equivalence units for
each environmental impact category
Chatbots - Answer- Software applications that mimic conversations with humans using
auditory or textual methods
Circular economy - Answer- An economic model based on the continuous cycles of
resources found in nature
Contract compliance - Answer- An aspect of contract management that checks to
ensure that the terms of a contract are being followed by a supplier
Creating shared value - Answer- A growth mindset leading to investment in
markets/supply chains for the mutual benefit of the producer and customer/supplier
Cross-functional involvement - Answer- Leveraging the expertise of groups and
individuals from relevant internal organisational functions and external supply partners
to deliver new product/ service development which would otherwise not occur
Cultural silos - Answer- Inward looking culture that is characterised by resistance
towards sharing information with people or entities from outside
Dashboard - Answer- A performance management tool that allows an organisation to
track the performance of key aspects of a contractor/supplier
Data - Answer- Facts that can be utilised for calculating past trends, making predictions
for the future and reasoned decision-making, and to aid planning
Data integration - Answer- Combining data from various sources using technical and
business processes to create meaningful information which can then be used for
decision-making
Data integrity - Answer- The completeness, accuracy and consistency of data
Decision tree - Answer- A decision support tool that uses a tree-like structure to
determine the consequences of different actions
Deming Cycle or PDCA cycle - Answer- This is a continuous quality improvement model
consisting of four repetitive steps for continuous improvement and learning: Plan, Do,
Check, Act
Dependence structure - Answer- The power relationships between supplier and
customer and relative dependence on each other
, Dependent variable - Answer- A variable whose value depends on that of another
variable
Design for disassembly - Answer- Designing products to make it easier to recover
quality materials for recycling
Diminishing returns - Answer- The phenomenon that, all else being equal, each
improvement to be one part of a process will add less value the more improvements
have already been made
Downcycling - Answer- Recycling where the resulting material is of lower quality than it
was in its original use
E-auction - Answer- In procurement e-auctions are used to get suppliers to bid for
contracts (reverse auctions)
E-catalogue - Answer- An electronic catalogue supported by Internet ordering and
payment capabilities
E-procurement - Answer- Electronic procurement through the Internet or network
systems
E-sourcing - Answer- An application enabled by the Internet to facilitate buyer and
supplier interactions, including online auctions and reverse auctions
Eco-design - Answer- Designing a product to address the most significant
environmental impacts of that product over its whole life cycle
Eco-efficiency - Answer- Minimising ecological harm whilst optimising the efficiency of
the company's production processes
Eco-label - Answer- A voluntary method of environmental performance certification and
labelling so purchasers can be confident minimum standards have been met
Ecological rucksack - Answer- The total amount of material required to produce a
material or product
Embodied carbon - Answer- The carbon emitted from the extraction of raw materials
and production of that product/service
Embodied energy - Answer- The total amount of energy required to produce a raw
material or a product
Employee engagement - Answer- The degree of positive emotional attachment that
employees feel to their job role
