EMT Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because? Pg 252 A. the blood vessels become stiff. B. the arteries dilate significantly. C. diastolic blood pressure decreases. D. the blood thickens as a person ages. correct answer: A. the blood vessels become stiff. As the blood vessels become stiffer, the heart must work harder to be able to move the blood effectively. The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the? Pg 855 A. headrest is appropriately positioned. B. airbag correctly deploys upon impact. C. patient tenses up at the time of impact. D. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck. correct answer: A. headrest is appropriately positioned. Headrests decrease the extension of the head and neck during a crash and, therefore, help reduce injury. The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are? Pg 1227 A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. C. skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness. D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. correct answer: A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: A. dyspnea. B. hematuria. C. hemoptysis. D. hematemesis. correct answer: D. hematemesis. What Type of bleeding presents with hematemesis?? Pg 885 correct answer: The vomitus may be bright red or dark red. If the blood has been partially digested, the vomitus may look like coffee grounds. Using an OPA on a child who ingested a caustic substance will cause?? Pg 1245 An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: A) depress the gag reflex. B) cause the child to vomit. C) result in airway swelling. D) result in a soft-tissue injury. correct answer: B) cause the child to vomit. What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body? Pg 906 A. dermis B. epidermis C. muscular layer D. subcutaneous layer correct answer: B. epidermis (external layer) Look up normal findings on an infant or child? Pg 1228 correct answer: TICLS mnemonic (Tone, Interactiveness, Consolability, Look or gaze, Speech or cry) All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: A. quiet breathing. B. fear or anxiety. C. belly breathing. D. head bobbing. correct answer: D. head bobbing. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. B. awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact. C. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time. D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. correct answer: D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at? Pg 1033 A. C1 and C2. B. C3 and C4. C. C1, C2, and C3. D. C3, C4, and C5. correct answer: D. C3, C4, and C5. A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who? Pg 1013 A. are found supine and have stable vital signs. B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable. C. require prompt extrication from an automobile. D. are sitting in their car and are clinically unstable. correct answer: B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable. Indicated for patients with a possible spinal injury who are in a sitting position (such as a MVA). Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is? Pg 731 A. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood. B. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply. C. severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2. D. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels. correct answer: A. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood. The body is attempting to reduce the acid levels by releasing more carbon dioxide (CO2) in the lungs. (Seen in hyperglycemia resulting from DKA) The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the? Pg 880 A. venules. B. arterioles. C. vena cavae. D. capillary arteries. correct answer: B. arterioles. Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the? Pg 880 A. systolic blood pressure exclusively. B. ability of the blood to effectively clot. C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. D. white blood cell's ability to fight infection. correct answer: B. ability of the blood to effectively clot.