WGU C165 Integrated Physical Sciences with 100% correct answers

Physics The study of forces, energy, motion Chemistry The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances Earth science The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes that change Earth essential attributes of science Studies the natural world Uses testable ideas Relies on data from observations/experiments Presented for evaluation by other scientists Leads to further questions/research variables The changing quantities in an experiment independent variable What you change in an experiment on purpose dependent variable The variable that changes because of an independent variable control variable The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept constant observational study When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them physical model A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system conceptual model A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms mathematical model A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods computer model A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer principle of falsification Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry hypothesis A testable statement about how something in nature works law A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature (what) theory A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (how/why) meter Base unit of length kilogram Base unit of mass second Base unit of time kelvin Base unit of temperature Derived units What is produced when the base units/quantities are combined Speed The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time Volume Term for the amount of space an object occupies Liquid displacement Method of determining the volume of an object by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces direct relationship A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa inverse relationship A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa Velocity A combination of speed and direction Acceleration Term for any change in an object's speed and/or direction Force Term for a push or a pull with direction and magnitude. You may not feel it. Net force The sum of all forces acting on an object balanced forces Term for forces that combine to produce a net force of 0 Newton's first law An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force inertia The tenancy to keep the same motion/velocity or remain at rest. Newton's first law Newton's second law Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) Newton's third law When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object ("For every action, an equal and opposite reaction") friction The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts Kinetic friction Friction between two objects moving against each other Static friction Friction between two objects touching but not moving against each other Fluid resistance Friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid Gravity Attractive force between objects directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance Linear momentum Name for the mass of an object times its velocity Law of conservation of momentum Term for the fact that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide elasticity The amount of bounce an object has after a collision Elastic collision A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved Inelastic collision A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved Work Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using/converting energy Energy The capacity to do work or cause change Kinetic energy The energy objects have because they are moving. Increases with mass and velocity potential energy Energy that is stored Formula for work work = force x displacement gravitational potential energy Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height. chemical potential energy Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance elastic potential energy Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc. electromagnetic energy Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Light energy. thermal energy Energy from the motion of atoms and molecules. Depends on mass and temperature Law of conservation of energy Term for the fact that energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted oscillation A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium equilibrium A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to wave A repeating and periodic disturbance (oscillation) that travels from one point to another, transferring energy mechanical waves Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vaccuum transverse wave Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling longitudinal wave Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling electromagnetic waves Waves with both an electric and magnetic component. Can only be transverse waves and can travel through a vaccuum compression Region of longitudinal wave where particles are close together expansion Region of longitudinal wave where particles are far apart (aka rarefaction) crest The highest point in a wave above equilibrium