CLEP American Government Practice Test 2 with Complete Solutions

CLEP American Government Practice Test 2 with Complete Solutions Where in the Constitution does Congress locate its authority to oversee gov. bodies not mentioned in the Constitution, such as the Department of Education Necessary and proper clause Powers claimed by the president but NOT expressly called for in the Constitution are called inherent powers Which of the following stipulates that Congress may NOT put in place an official religion Establishment clause The redistricting in the states of seats for the US Representatives is determined by census figures on state populations Sometimes the federal gov hands over to commercial enterprises work formerly done by gov employees. This is known as privatization The Pendleton Act of 1883 was the first law to make some government jobs off-limit to patronage Presidents are elected every _ years, representatives every _ years, and senators every _ years 4,2,6 Which executive department writes and enforces rules that regulate some element of industry Independent agencies The US Postal Service is a government corporation that sells services, thus generating its own revenue Organizations within the fed bureaucracy ensure that congressional legislation, presidential policies, and court decisions are adhered to. This process is called rule administration The policy-making relationship btw lobbyists, Congress, and the federal bureaucracy in which everyone involved wins is called the iron triangle In the 1990s, welfare programs funded by the fed gov were largely given to the states to adminsiter. This is an example of devolution The "fourth branch of government" The media An easily digestible policy statement is often referred to as a talking point During elections, the media tends to focus on who is winning, who is losing, and the gamesmanship of campaigning. What is this journalistic style called? Sensationalism What is the substance of the tv hypotheses Television makes one feel informed when he or she really isn't The Real ID Act of 2005 was an unfunded mandate Within the Supreme Court, the "rule of four' describes the number of justices needed to accept a case for judicial review The signing of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 dramatically increased the number of immigrants from Asia and Latin America The philosopher whose work most influenced the thinking of the Constitution's framers about political checks and balances and separation of political powers was Montesquieu When the media deliver infotainment in place of serious reflection on policy matters, they are indulging in Market-driven journalism What document begins with "We the People of the United States..." The US Constitution Pundits are Professional commentators Those in media who choose what is ultimately published or broadcasted are called gatekeepers The basic purpose of Political Action Committees (PACs) is to pool funds and donate them to political candidates Who was impeached for lying in a court and obstruction of justice Bill Clinton When bureaucrats in certain agencies try to protect their agencies' interests and thus their own careers, it is sometimes called bureaucratic imperialism The Voting Rights Act of 1982 encouraged the creation of congressional districts in which racial minorities would comprise majorities Which president regularly appears at the top ranking for presidential greatness Abraham Lincoln The Constitution gives the power to declare war to Congress. The last time Congress formally declared war was during the Second World War Washington, D.C.'s delegate to Congress has what kind of power The power to vote in committees but not in the full chamber What 1992 court case upheld a Pennsylvania law requiring pre-abortion counseling, a 24-hr waiting period, and a parental or judicial permission for girls under 18? Planned Parenthood v. Casey What key feminist goal has been introduced into every Congress since 1982? Equal Rights Amendment Formed in 1970, which arm of the executive branch assists the president with the process of preparing a national budget? The Office of Management and Budget Congressional standing committees endure through congressional sessions In the US, the state and national gov work together to solve problems. This form of gov interaction is called cooperative federalism How often does the Constitution require the president to "give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union." From time to time The US president nominates ambassadors to foreign countries, but the ambassadorship must have the consent of the Senate alone When George W. Bush ordered, without the consent of Congress, the establishing of military commissions to try captives captured in Iraq and Afghanistan, he was theoretically relying on what kind of powers derived from the war powers given to the president by the Constitution Inherent Powers Which agency is not included in the Executive Office of the President the Federal Reserve System When was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution During the debates over the ratification of the Constitution What is the most severe form of discipline that congressional members can receive from the Congress Expulsion If a bill passes both houses, it will often go to a committee made up of members of both houses to iron out differences in the two bills. This committee is the conference committee BEST summarizes the power relationship btw the federal and state gov. since the 1980s Devolution of power from the federal gov to the states ___ is a presidential appointee within the Justice Department who regularly makes legal arguments to the Supreme Court on behalf of the US government. Solicitor General What led the federal government to take precedence over state governments in the 20th century Civil Rights Plessy v Ferguson (1896) put in place the doctrine of separate but equal Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka spurred the process of desegregation in the southern and some midwestern states Two-step flow of communication an informed reader pays close attention to info and then disperses what he or she has learned to the masses The 1st president to use radio effectively Franklin Roosevelt Civil Rights Act of 1968 outlawed discrimination in most kinds of housing What seeks to encourage underrepresented or minority groups to apply for employment positions Affirmative action What established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Civil Rights Act of 1964 What term refers to the perceived barrier preventing women from advancing in the work place Glass ceiling Griswold v. Connecticut set the stage for which 1973 controversial Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade If the Republicans have control of the White House and the Democrats have control of Congress the overnment is said to be divided Which president launched a "war on poverty" Lyndon Johnson Gitlow v. New York (1925) The first Supreme Court case to apply the First Amendment's language on freedom of speech to a state law Which president is most associate with the substantial reform of federal gov welfare programs Bill Clinton The Joint Cheifs of Staff comprise leading military officials The purpose of congressional special elections is to fill a seat vacated when an election is not under way When a president sends a budget to the Congress is does not include tariff legislation Which Republican president altered the nation's political landscape by attracting many Democratic voters Ronald Reagan