Sociology 16th Edition by Macionis - Test Bank

In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes in Sociology, 16th edition. In this revision, the questions are tagged according to six levels of learning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The six levels are: REMEMBER: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material UNDERSTAND: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideas APPLY: a question applying sociological knowledge to some new situation ANALYZE: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and their interrelationship The 140 questions in this test bank are divided into four types of questions. True/False questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, almost all of these questions fall within the two lowest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Remember” and “Understand”). Multiple-choice questions, which still involve the lowest three levels, are also relatively less demanding. Short answer questions also span a broad range of skills (from “Understand” to “Evaluate”). Finally, essay questions are the most demanding because they include 80% of the questions at the three highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Analyze,” “Evaluate,” and “Create”). Types of Questions Easy to Difficult Level of Difficulty True/False Mult Choice Short Answer Essay Total Qs Remember 30 (65%) 38 (51.5%) 0 0 68 Understand 14 (31%) 20 (31%) 6 (43%) 0 40 Apply 2 (4%) 12 (17.5%) 2 (15%) 1 (10%) 17 Analyze 0 0 2 (15%) 9 (90%) 15 46 70 14 10 140 CHAPTER 3: CULTURE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS TB_Q3.1.1 Businesses in this country can profit from recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. population. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.2 People around the world have much the same outward appearance and wear the same clothing and bodily decoration. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.3 Culture refers to the values, beliefs, behavior, and material things that form a way of life. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.4 One example of nonmaterial culture is the types of vehicles people use to get around in their daily lives. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.5 Experiencing an unfamiliar culture can generate culture shock. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.6 There is a single way of life that is biologically “natural” to humans everywhere. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.7 For at least 12,000 years, humans have used culture as a strategy for survival. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: TB_Q3.1.8 The Census Bureau reports that only ten different languages are spoken in the United States. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.9 Symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.10 The emergence of computer-based instant messaging shows us that new symbols are being created all the time. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.11 The story of Helen Keller, who became blind and deaf, shows how the development of our humanity depends on the ability to understand and use symbols. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.12 Through the use of symbols, people make sense of their surroundings. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.13 The gesture we commonly call “thumbs up” is used in all of the world’s societies to signify that something is very good. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.14 The process of cultural transmission cannot take place unless people have a written language. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.15 In high-income countries such as the United States, everyone has the ability to read and write. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.16 English is not the most widely spoken first language in the world, but it has become the preferred second language throughout most of the world. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.17 The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that the language we use shapes the reality we perceive. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.18 Values are standards that serve as broad guidelines for living. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.19 Most people in the United States share the value that everyone should not only have equality of opportunity, but also equality in all aspects of social standing. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.20 Compared to cultures around the world, the way of life in the United States emphasizes individualism. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.21 People in the United States tend to view the past as being better than the present. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.22 Cultural values in the United States always go together—they are all consistent with one another. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.23 One emerging value in the United States is the importance of personal growth, including spiritual activity. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.24 Cultural values in high-income nations tend to be secular-rational, giving greater importance to personal self-expression. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.25 In general, low-income nations have cultures that value individualism and personal self-expression. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.26 Mores are norms that have great moral significance. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.27 Across the United States, mores vary more than folkways. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.28 Values and norms help to define a society’s “ideal culture.” Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.29 Technology refers to knowledge people use to make a way of life in their surroundings. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.30 The Amish way of life eagerly makes use of our society’s modern conveniences. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.31 Japan is more multicultural than the United States. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.32 The United States has a popular culture, but not a high culture. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.33 Most people participate in numerous subcultures without necessarily becoming very committed to any of them. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.34 The fact that hip-hop music and the DJ scene were invented in the low-income, African American neighborhoods of New York show that people of all social positions help create U.S. cultural patterns. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.35 Multiculturalists claim that, over the course of U.S. history, most non-English immigrants were advised to adopt the cultural patterns of the English—their “betters”—rather than “melt in.” Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.36 Afrocentrism refers to the dominance of European cultural patterns. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.37 Subculture is more at odds with dominant culture than counterculture. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.38 Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.39 Cultural change results from invention, discovery, and diffusion. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.40 Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standards to evaluate another culture. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.41 Rock-and-roll music in the United States is one cultural trait that has nothing in common with music that was popular a short time before it emerged. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.42 The structural-functional approach sees culture as a relatively stable system of integrated patterns people use to meet their needs. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.43 Cultural universals refer to patterns that are held by everyone in a society. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.44 Karl Marx argued that a society’s economic system was shaped by its value system. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.45. Sociobiology explores how human biology has shaped today’s culture. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.46 It is fair to say that humans always remain prisoners of their existing culture. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS TB_Q3.1.47 The chapter opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co. shows us that ________ a. various minorities respond to the same advertising in exactly the same way. b. Asian American immigrants prefer English to their native language when they are doing business. c. learning more about cultural diversity can help a company boost sales. d. All of these are correct. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.48 The United States is the most _______ of all countries. a. multicultural b. culturally uniform c. slowly changing d. traditional Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.49 What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people? a. Social structure b. Social system c. Culture d. Society Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.50 As a part of human culture, religion is an example of ________ a. material culture. b. nonmaterial culture. c. culture shock. d. human nature. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.1.51 The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as ________ a. high culture. b. material culture. c. norms. d. nonmaterial culture. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.52 Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following? a. High culture b. Material culture c. Norms d. Nonmaterial culture Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.53 Looking all around the world, what we find everywhere is ________ a. the same ideas about what is right. b. people enjoying the same sports. c. people creating diverse cultural systems. d. the same standards that define what is beautiful and ugly. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.54 Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that ________ a. relies on culture to ensure survival. b. has patterned ways of living. c. has biological instincts. d. makes use of tools. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.55 The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning ________ a. “person of culture.” b. “intelligent person.” c. “one who walks upright.” d. “person who evolves.” Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.56 According to scientists, Homo sapiens first appeared on Earth about how long ago? a. 2,500 years b. 25,000 years c. 250,000 years d. 250 million years Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.57 The concept of _____ refers to a shared way of life, and the term ____ refers to a political entity. a. culture; society b. country; nation c. nation; culture d. culture; nation Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.58 The United States is multicultural because ________ a. everyone holds the same values and beliefs. b. each individual holds many different and conflicting values and beliefs. c. there are many widely shared values and beliefs. d. in this country we find many different languages and ways of life. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.59 Sociologists define a symbol as ________ a. anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture. b. any material cultural trait. c. any gesture that conveys insult to others. d. social patterns that cause culture shock. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.60 The fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols shows us that ________ a. today’s young people are smarter than their parents. b. symbols are static elements. c. culture changes over time. d. we are not dependent on our culture’s symbols. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.61 The language widely spoken by people in more nations of the world than any other is ________ a. Spanish. b. Chinese. c. English. d. Hindi. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.62 Cultural transmission refers to the process of ________ a. cultural patterns moving from one society to another. b. using the oral tradition. c. passing cultural patterns from one generation to another. d. using writing to enshrine cultural patterns. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.63 The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that ________ a. language involves attaching labels to the real world. b. people see the world through the cultural lens of their language. c. most words have the same meaning if spoken in different languages. d. every word exists in all known languages. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.64 Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called ________ a. folkways. b. norms. c. mores. d. values. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.65 The dominant values of U.S. culture include ________ a. a deep respect for the traditions of the past. b. a belief in equality of condition for all. c. a belief in individuality. d. a belief in personal intuition over science. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.66 While one dominant value of U.S. culture is the right to equal opportunity and freedom, another is ________ a. equality of condition. b. “being” rather than “doing”. c. racism and group superiority. d. belief in tradition. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.67 Key values of U.S. culture ________ a. always fit together easily. b. change quickly, even from year to year. c. are shared by absolutely everyone in a society. d. are sometimes in conflict with one another. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.68 An emerging value in our society is found in which expression? a. “What was good enough for my parents is good enough for me.” b. “The present is better than the past.” c. “Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth.” d. “It’s good to be free.” Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.69 Low-income countries have cultures that value ________ a. economic survival. b. equal standing for women and men. c. self-expression. d. individualism. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.70 __________ are rules about everyday, casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance. a. Mores; folkways b. Folkways; mores c. Proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms d. Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.71 Wrong-doing, such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity, is an example of violating cultural ________ a. mores. b. symbols. c. folkways. d. control. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.72 The early U.S. sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was ________ a. Emile Durkheim. b. William Graham Sumner. c. Harriett Martineau. d. George Herbert Mead. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.73 _____ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude. a. Mores; folkways b. Taboos; mores c. Folkways; mores d. Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.74 An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to ________ a. mores. b. taboos. c. folkways. d. proscriptive norms. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 75. Elements of social control in everyday life include shame, guilt, and ________ a. ideal culture. b. real culture. c. sanctions. d. material culture. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.76 The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture, while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture. a. high; low b. low; high c. ideal; real d. real; ideal Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.77 Sociologists refer to tangible or physical human creations as ________ a. nonmaterial culture. b. artifacts. c. technology. d. values. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.78 What is the term for the application of cultural knowledge to the task of living in an environment? a. Real culture b. Ideal culture c. Cultural transmission d. Technology Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.79. Which of the following statements about technology is true? a. Nations with more advanced technology are always superior to nations with less advanced technology. b. Advanced technology improves life in some ways, but it also threatens life in other ways. c. Access to technology is evenly distributed across any society’s population. d. Access to technology is a threat to cultures. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.80 As our society has entered a postindustrial, computer-based phase, gaining ________ a. symbolic skills has become more important. b. mechanical skills has become more important. c. knowledge about the past has become more important. d. a respect for tradition has become more important. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.81 More than ______ people have immigrated to the U.S. between the years 1820 and 2014. a. 2 million b. 12 million. c. 50 million d. 82 million Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.82 The distinction between high culture and popular culture is based mostly on ________ a. how advanced the cultural pattern is. b. how long the cultural pattern has existed. c. the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern. d. how interesting the cultural pattern is. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.83 Sometimes the distinction between high culture and popular culture is not so clear, as shown by the television show Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo, because ________ a. the family in this show was always very rich. b. reality shows have made families that were low-income nationally-known media stars who are now earning a lot more money. c. Honey Boo Boo’s mother is a previous Miss America pageant winner. d. reality television never shows people who appear to be of low social position. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.84 Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to as ________ a. high culture. b. popular culture. c. elite culture. d. established culture. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.85 If you were to attend a New York Ballet performance, you would be experiencing ________ a. high culture. b. popular culture. c. cultural transmission. d. virtual culture. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.3.86 Hip-hop music and the DJ scene first emerged ________ a. on college campuses in the 1980s. b. in the South Bronx during the 1970s. c. among rich people in the 1990s as part of elite culture. d. in the South as part of that region’s tradition culture. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.87 Subculture refers to ________ a. a part of the population lacking culture. b. people who embrace popular culture. c. cultural patterns that set off a part of a society’s population. d. people who embrace high culture. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.88 Harley Davidson motorcycle riders, computer programmers, and jazz musicians all display _____ patterns. a. high cultural b. popular cultural c. virtual cultural d. subcultural Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.3.89 Multiculturalism is defined as ________ a. efforts to encourage immigration to the United States. b. efforts to establish English as the official language of the United States. c. a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions. d. the idea that the United States should have a single, dominant culture. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.90 About how many adults in the United States speak a language other than English at home? a. 2 million b. 17 million c. 27 million d. 62 million Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.91 Other than English, which is the most widely-spoken language in the United States? a. French b. Spanish c. German d. Chinese Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.92 The claim that U.S. culture is wrongly dominated by a European, and especially English, way of life characterizes our culture as ________ a. ethnocentric. b. Afrocentric. c. Eurocentric. d. culturally relative. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.93 Counterculture refers to ________ a. people who differ in some small way. b. popular culture. c. high culture. d. cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.94 The region of the United States where the largest percentage of people speak a language other than English at home is the ________ a. Southwest. b. South. c. Northeast. d. Northwest. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.95 Cultural integration refers to the fact that ________ a. U.S. society contains many cultural patterns. b. European cultural patterns dominate U.S. society. c. change in one cultural pattern is usually linked to changes in others. d. everyone in the United States shares most cultural values. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.96 Compared to college students of the late 1960s, more of today’s college students are concerned with ________ a. developing a philosophy of life. b. making money. c. seeking justice in the world. d. being involved in political affairs. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.97 The concept of “cultural lag” refers to the fact that ________ a. the rate of cultural change has been slowing. b. some societies advance faster than others do. c. some people are more cultured than others. d. some cultural elements change more quickly than others. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.98 A good example of cultural lag is ________ a. gaining the ability to modify genetic patterns in humans before understanding the possible social consequences of doing so. b. a slowing in the rate of invention in the computer industry. c. older people trying to make younger people respect tradition. d. virtual culture replacing traditional culture. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.3.99 Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they? a. Invention, discovery, and diffusion b. Invasion, invention, and experiment c. Immigration, imagination, and innovation d. Adaptation, integration, and immigration Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.100 The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called ________ a. immigration. b. cultural transmission. c. popular culture. d. diffusion. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.101 Ethnocentrism refers to ________ a. people taking pride in their ethnicity. b. claiming that another culture is better than your own. c. judging another culture using the standards of your own culture. d. understanding another culture using its own standards and values. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.102 A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being “backward” for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying ________ a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural diffusion. d. cultural integration. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.3.103 The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called ________ a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural diffusion. d. cultural integration. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.3.104 The emergence of rock-and-roll in the United States demonstrates ________ a. the lack of a youth culture. b. that musical tastes are not linked to people’s social standing. c. that cultural patterns are subject to change. d. that cultural patterns rarely change. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.105 The flow of _______ from country to country adds to the creation of a global culture. a. goods b. animals c. violent acts d. humanitarian acts Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.106 Which theoretical approach states that the stability of U.S. society rests on core values shared by most people? a. The structural-functional approach b. The social-conflict approach c. The symbolic-interaction approach d. The sociobiology approach Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.4.107 Cultural universals are elements of culture that ________ a. have always been part of U.S. culture. b. have diffused from the United States to other countries. c. have come to the United States from elsewhere. d. are part of every known culture. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.108 Telling jokes is an example of ________ a. a cultural universal. b. material culture. c. cultural relativism. d. cultural lag. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.109 Which theoretical approach is linked to the philosophical doctrine of materialism? a. The structural-functional approach b. The social-conflict approach c. The symbolic-interaction approach d. The sociobiology approach Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.110 A theory that explains how schooling helps prepare young people for the work they will do as adults represents the ________ a. structural-functional approach. b. social-conflict approach. c. symbolic-interaction approach. d. sociobiology approach. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.4.111 A Marxist analysis of U.S. culture suggests that our competitive and individualistic values reflect ________ a. the values of the “founding fathers.” b. trends in Western European history. c. this nation’s capitalist economy. d. this nation’s family system. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.112 The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the ________ a. structural-functional approach. b. social-conflict approach. c. symbolic-interaction approach. d. sociobiology approach. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.113 A feminist theoretical analysis of language in the U.S. suggests that cultural patterns support ________ a. gender inequality. b. gender equality. c. a capitalist economy. d. the family system. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.4.114 Which theoretical approach gives an evolutionary explanation of why the sexual “double standard” is found around the world? a. The structural-functional approach b. The social-conflict approach c. The symbolic-interaction approach d. The sociobiology approach Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.5.115 Culture acts as a constraint, limiting human freedom because ________ a. much culture is habit, which members of a society repeat again and again. b. humans cannot create new culture for themselves. c. culture always discourages change. d. culture forces us to make choices. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.5: Critique culture as limiting or expanding human freedom Topic: Culture and Human Freedom Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.5.116 Culture is a source of human freedom because ________ a. culture does not guide behavior. b. all culture changes very quickly. c. as cultural creatures, humans make and remake the world for themselves. d. culture is habitual. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 3.5: Critique culture as limiting or expanding human freedom Topic: Culture and Human Freedom Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS TB_Q3.1.117 What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.118 What causes culture shock? Provide an example of culture shock in everyday life. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.119 Define and explain the importance of each of the five common components of all human culture: symbols, language, values, beliefs, and norms. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.2.120 What are five of the key values in U.S. culture? What quality do these values seem to have in common? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.2.121 What difference is found in cultural values when comparing low-income nations and high-income nations? Explain this pattern. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.2.122 Give an example of each of the following: (a) folkways, (b) mores, (c) a prescriptive norm, and (d) a proscriptive norm. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.123 What is the difference between “ideal” and “real” culture? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.124 What is the difference between high culture and popular culture? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.125 Explain how the development of hip-hop music demonstrates the fact that even people of low social position play a part in creating culture. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.126 What is the difference between subculture and counterculture? Define your terms carefully. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.127 What is ethnocentrism? What is cultural relativism? Identify a problem with each. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.4.128 What basic view of culture underlies the structural-functional approach? What is one weakness or limitation of this approach? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.4.129 What basic view of culture underlies the social-conflict approach? What is one weakness or limitation of this approach? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.4.130 What does the sociobiology approach tell us about human culture? What is one weakness or limitation of this approach? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It ESSAY QUESTIONS/TOPICS FOR SHORT PAPERS TB_Q3.1.131 Write a short essay in which you assess the idea that there is no single way of life that is “natural” for humanity. What comes naturally to our species is the creation of diverse patterns of human culture. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.1.132 “Human nature is the development of culture.” Explain how human beings came to be the only creatures to make use of culture as a strategy for survival. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 133. How does ideal culture differ from real culture? Illustrate your essay using three examples of how ideal and real culture differ in U.S. society. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q3.2.134 How do cultural values differ in low-income nations and in high-income nations? What reasons can you provide for this difference? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.3.135 Use the emergence of rock and roll music in the 1950s to illustrate how this musical form was built from music that came before it, but also explain how it was different. How does the story of rock and roll show the link between culture and social class? What about race? What about age? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.3.136 Identify at least one positive and one negative consequence of declaring English as the “official” language of the United States. Why do some people strongly support this goal? Why do others strongly oppose it? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.3.137 How does the history of rock-and-roll music illustrate the changing and socially diverse character of our nation’s way of life? Consider race, class, gender, and age in your essay. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.3.138 After carefully examining National Map 3-1 on page 83, write an essay that explains how and why the experience of cultural diversity is different for people living in different regions of the United States. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.4.139 Write an essay that highlights the different insights about culture that come from the structural-functional approach, the social-conflict approach, and the sociobiology approach. Is one theoretical approach more appropriate than another? Or does each approach offer insights that are complementary? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It TB_Q3.5.140 Write a short essay in which you explain the degree to which humans living within a world of culture are free. Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.5: Critique culture as limiting or expanding human freedom Topic: Culture and Human Freedom Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It Name ________________________________ Quick Quiz: Chapter 3 Culture Multiple Choice: TB_Q3.1.141 The United States is the most _______ of all countries. a. multicultural b. culturally uniform c. slowly changing d. nonmaterial Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.142 Key values of U.S. culture ________ a. always fit together easily. b. change quickly, even from year to year c. are shared by absolutely everyone in a society. d. are sometimes in conflict with one another. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.3.143 Other than English, which is the most widely-spoken language in the United States? a. French b. Spanish c. German d. Chinese Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change Topic: Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.4.144 George Murdock pointed to many cultural universals. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural universal? a. Belief in a heavenly afterlife b. Funeral rites a. The family b. Telling jokes Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture Topic: Theories of Culture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.145 Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that ________ a. relies on culture to ensure survival. b. has patterned ways of living. c. has biological instincts. d. makes use of tools. Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q3.1.146 The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning ________ a. “person of culture.” b. “intelligent person.” c. “one who walks upright.” d. “person who evolves.” Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.2.147 The early U.S. sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was ________ a. Emile Durkheim. b. William Graham Sumner. c. Harriett Martineau. d. George Herbert Mead. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts True/False TB_Q3.1.148 Culture refers to values, beliefs, behavior, and material things that form a way of life. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q3.1.149 An example of nonmaterial culture would be the types of vehicles people use to get around. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival Topic: What Is Culture? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Short Answer TB_Q3.2.150 What are five of the key values in U.S. culture? What do they have in common? Answer: Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Identify common elements of culture Topic: The Elements of Culture Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes in Sociology, 16th edition. In this revision, the questions are tagged according to six levels of learning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The six levels are: REMEMBER: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material UNDERSTAND: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideas APPLY: a question applying sociological knowledge to some new situation ANALYZE: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and their interrelationship The 119 questions in this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types of questions. True/False questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, all of these questions fall within the three lowest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Remember,” “Understand,” and “Apply”). Multiple-choice questions also fall primarily within the lowest levels of cognitive reasoning, although more of these questions are somewhat demanding. Short answer questions also span a broad range of skills (from “Understand” to “Evaluate”). Finally, essay questions are the most demanding, falling within the three highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply,” “Analyze,” “Evaluate,” and “Create”). Types of Questions Easy to Difficult Level of Difficulty True/False Mult Choice Short Answer Essay Total Qs Remember 36 (80%) 31 (56%) 0 0 67 Understand 5 (11%) 12 (21%) 3 (27%) 0 20 Apply 4 (9%) 13 (23%) 4 (36%) 2 (28.5%) 23 Analyze 0 0 4 (36%) 5 (71.5%) 9 45 56 11 7 119 CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL INTERACTION IN EVERYDAY LIFE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS TB_Q6.1.1 Through their social interaction, people create the reality they experience. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.1: Explain how social structure helps us to make sense of everyday situations Topic: Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.1.2 Social structure, including status and role, provides a guide for everyday living. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.1: Explain how social structure helps us to make sense of everyday situations Topic: Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.2.3 Sociologists use the concept “status” to refer to someone’s importance. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.2.4 Only a few statuses that we hold figure into our social identity. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts TB_Q6.2.5 A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.2.6 Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q6.2.7 A person’s racial or ethnic identity is largely an ascribed status. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q6.2.8 The term “master status” refers to being the best in one’s occupational field. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.2.9 Having a terminal illness may operate as a master status because people can react to the disease as much as they do to the person. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization Topic: Status Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q6.3.10 A “role set” refers to all the roles a person has over the course of a lifetime. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.3.11 Typically, each status is linked to several roles. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.3.12 “Role conflict” refers to the conflict or incompatibility among the roles linked to two or more statuses. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.3.13 “Role strain” refers to differences between the same roles when performed by two different people. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.3.14 A father who wants to be both a friend and a role model to his son might experience role strain. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know TB_Q6.3.15 The process by which people disengage from important social roles is termed “role exit.” Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization Topic: Role Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts TB_Q6.3.16 The global map in this chapter of the text shows that, in general, among nations in which average income level is low, the share of housework performed by for women is high. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance