American Pageant 15th Edition By Kennedy - Test Bank

Chapter 3—Settling the Northern Colonies, SHORT ANSWER Identify and state the historical significance of the following: 1. John Calvin ANS: Student answers will vary. 2. Anne Hutchinson ANS: Student answers will vary. 3. Roger Williams ANS: Student answers will vary. 4. Henry Hudson ANS: Student answers will vary. 5. William Bradford ANS: Student answers will vary. 6. Peter Stuyvesant ANS: Student answers will vary. 7. Thomas Hooker ANS: Student answers will vary. 8. William Penn ANS: Student answers will vary. 9. John Winthrop ANS: Student answers will vary. 10. King Philip (Metacom) ANS: Student answers will vary. 11. John Cotton ANS: Student answers will vary. 12. Sir Edmund Andros ANS: Student answers will vary. 13. William and Mary ANS: Student answers will vary. 14. Massasoit ANS: Student answers will vary. 15. Fernando Gorges ANS: Student answers will vary. 16. Myles Standish ANS: Student answers will vary. 17. Martin Luther ANS: Student answers will vary. 18. Squanto ANS: Student answers will vary. Define and state the historical significance of the following: 19. the "elect" ANS: Student answers will vary. 20. franchise ANS: Student answers will vary. 21. predestination ANS: Student answers will vary. 22. freemen ANS: Student answers will vary. 23. "visible saints" ANS: Student answers will vary. 24. conversion ANS: Student answers will vary. 25. doctrine of a calling ANS: Student answers will vary. 26. covenant ANS: Student answers will vary. 27. antinomianism ANS: Student answers will vary. 28. sumptuary laws ANS: Student answers will vary. 29. salutary neglect ANS: Student answers will vary. 30. passive resistance ANS: Student answers will vary. 31. "city upon a hill" ANS: Student answers will vary. Describe and state the historical significance of the following: 32. Protestant Reformation ANS: Student answers will vary. 33. Pilgrims ANS: Student answers will vary. 34. New England Confederation ANS: Student answers will vary. 35. Calvinism ANS: Student answers will vary. 36. Massachusetts Bay Company ANS: Student answers will vary. 37. Dominion of New England ANS: Student answers will vary. 38. Institutes of the Christian Religion ANS: Student answers will vary. 39. Navigation Laws ANS: Student answers will vary. 40. Great Migration ANS: Student answers will vary. 41. Glorious Revolution ANS: Student answers will vary. 42. Puritans ANS: Student answers will vary. 43. General Court ANS: Student answers will vary. 44. Dutch West India Company ANS: Student answers will vary. 45. Separatists ANS: Student answers will vary. 46. Bible Commonwealth ANS: Student answers will vary. 47. Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) ANS: Student answers will vary. 48. Mayflower ANS: Student answers will vary. 49. Protestant ethic ANS: Student answers will vary. 50. Mayflower Compact ANS: Student answers will vary. 51. Fundamental Orders ANS: Student answers will vary. 52. French Huguenots ANS: Student answers will vary. 53. Scottish Presbyterians ANS: Student answers will vary. 54. Church of England ANS: Student answers will vary. 55. Dutchification ANS: Student answers will vary. 56. Plymouth Bay ANS: Student answers will vary. 57. Congregational Church ANS: Student answers will vary. 58. Pequot War ANS: Student answers will vary. 59. Dutch "golden age" ANS: Student answers will vary. 60. New Netherland ANS: Student answers will vary. 61. New Amsterdam ANS: Student answers will vary. 62. New Sweden ANS: Student answers will vary. 63. Penn's Woodland ANS: Student answers will vary. COMPLETION Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 64. ____ Rhode Island ANS: 7 65. ____ Massachusetts Bay ANS: 5 66. ____ New Hampshire ANS: 4 67. ____ Pennsylvania ANS: 1 68. ____ New Jersey ANS: 9 69. ____ Delaware ANS: 10 70. ____ New York ANS: 2 71. ____ Plymouth ANS: 6 Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 72. ____ Boston ANS: 5 73. ____ Salem ANS: 4 74. ____ Connecticut River ANS: 3 75. ____ Delaware Bay ANS: 8 76. ____ Hudson River ANS: 1 77. ____ New York City ANS: 6 78. ____ Albany ANS: 2 79. ____ Philadelphia ANS: 7 MULTIPLE CHOICE 80. Colonists in both the North and the South established differences in all of the following areas except a. patterns of settlement. b. economies. c. political systems. d. values. e. allegiance to England. ANS: E REF: p. 41 81. Identify the statement that is false. a. The promise of riches, especially tobacco, drew the first settlers to the southern colonies. b. Religious devotion primarily shaped the earliest settlements in the New England colonies. c. Colonists in both the north and south shared a common language and English heritage. d. Colonists in both the north and south had strong common characteristics that would persist for generations. e. The colonies in the north and south had different patterns of settlement, different economies, different political systems, and even different sets of values. ANS: D REF: p. 41 82. All of the following are true of Martin Luther except a. he was German. b. he protested against Catholic doctrines at Wittenberg in 1517. c. there was little notice of his reforms in Europe. d. he denounced the authority of priests and popes. e. he declared that the Bible was the only source of God's word. ANS: C REF: p. 41 83. John Calvin profoundly affected the thought of all of the following except a. Spanish Armenians. b. New England Puritans. c. Scottish Presbyterians. d. French Huguenots. e. the Dutch Reformed Church. ANS: A REF: p. 41 84. Match each item on the left with the correct definition. A. predestination 1. belief that from the moment of creation some souls were "saved" and others "damned" B. conversion 2. belief that faith, good works, and repentance could earn salvation C. antinomianism 3. the sign of receipt of God's free gift of saving grace 4. belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws a. A-1, B-3, C-2 b. A-3, B-2, C-1 c. A-1, B-3, C-4 d. A-4, B-l, C-3 e. A-2, B-4, C-3 ANS: C REF: p. 41 | p. 45 85. In Calvinist thought, the "conversion" was a. something experienced as a group. b. earned by a person's good works. c. a Catholic heresy. d. an event that freed a person from having to live a holy life. e. a personal experience when God revealed an individual's heavenly destiny. ANS: E REF: p. 41 86. In Puritan doctrine, the "elect" were also referred to as a. Separatists. b. "patroons." c. "visible saints." d. Pilgrims. e. Anglicans. ANS: C REF: p. 41 87. Henry VIII aided the entrance of Protestant beliefs into England when he a. allowed Martin Luther to journey to England. b. broke England's ties with the Roman Catholic Church. c. removed himself as the head of the Church of England. d. ordered John Calvin to go to Switzerland. e. supported the Puritans. ANS: B REF: p. 41 88. King James I opposed the Separatists who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England because he a. realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they could defy him as their political leader. b. strongly believed in the concept of "visible saints." c. never understood the political implications of their actions. d. believed that they were turning their backs on the true Calvinist faith. e. was a strong Catholic and the Separatists' doctrine went counter to the strict interpretation of the Bible. ANS: A REF: p. 42 89. The Separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to a. avoid the coming war with France. b. gain wealth through all the economic incentives the New World offered. c. establish a new nation. d. avoid the Dutchification of their children. e. escape the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company. ANS: D REF: p. 42 90. Match each colony on the left with its associated item. A. Plymouth 1. General Court B. Connecticut 2. Mayflower Compact C. Massachusetts Bay 3. Fundamental Orders 4. patroonships a. A-3, B-2, C-4 b. A-2, B-3, C-1 c. A-4, B-1, C-2 d. A-1, B-4, C-3 e. A-3, B-2, C-1 ANS: B REF: p. 42-46 91. All of the following were true of the Pilgrims except they a. were also known as Separatists. b. arrived in the New World on the ship the Mayflower. c. arrived at their original destination with no casualties. d. chose Plymouth Bay as their landing site in 1620. e. were without legal right to the land and specific authority to establish a government. ANS: C REF: p. 42 92. The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a(n) a. agreement to follow the dictates of Parliament. b. document that allowed women limited participation in government. c. constitution that established a working government. d. complex agreement to form an oligarchy. e. promising step toward genuine self-government. ANS: E REF: p. 43 93. The leader that helped the Pilgrims survive was a. John Smith. b. John Winthrop. c. Roger Williams. d. William Laud. e. William Bradford. ANS: E REF: p. 43 94. The historical significance of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Bay lies in their a. numerical size. b. economic power. c. moral and spiritual qualities. d. dedication to family life. e. unwillingness to merge with the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay. ANS: C REF: p. 43 95. Unlike Separatists, the Puritans a. advocated strict separation of church and state. b. practiced passive resistance to oppression. c. remained members of the Church of England. d. were Calvinists. e. rejected belief in witchcraft. ANS: C REF: p. 43 96. Initially, the Massachusetts Bay Colony enjoyed all of the following advantages except that of a. being a well-equipped expedition. b. starting off on a larger scale than any other English colony. c. receiving many fairly prosperous and educated immigrants. d. receiving a majority of the Puritans coming to the New World. e. a shared purpose among the first settlers. ANS: D REF: p. 43-44 97. Puritan doctrine included acceptance of a. antinomianism. b. the Pope's supremacy. c. the idea of a covenant with God. d. the doctrine of good works. e. the King as the final religious authority. ANS: C REF: p. 44 98. With the franchise in Massachusetts extended to all adult males who belonged to Puritan congregations, the proportion of qualified voters (approximately 2/5) in this colony as compared to England was a. larger. b. somewhat smaller. c. about the same. d. not known. e. a great deal smaller. ANS: A REF: p. 44 99. In the Massachusetts "Bible Commonwealth," clergymen a. could be elected to political office. b. could not be fired by their congregations. c. were not allowed to marry. d. were barred from holding formal political office. e. could not have children. ANS: D REF: p. 45 100. Puritan religious beliefs allowed all of the following except a. drinking alcohol. b. eating plentifully. c. challenging religious authority. d. making love discreetly. e. singing songs. ANS: C REF: p. 45 101. Among the Puritans, it was understood that a. they would establish democratic government in America. b. clergymen would hold the most powerful political office. c. the purpose of government was to enforce God's laws. d. all adult white male landowners could vote for political leaders. e. women could become religious leaders. ANS: C REF: p. 45 102. People who flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy in Massachusetts Bay were subject to which of the following punishments? a. Fines b. Floggings c. Banishment d. Death e. All of these ANS: E REF: p. 45 103. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay a. predestination was not a valid idea. b. the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man. c. antinomianism was heresy. d. direct revelation from God was impossible. e. a person needs only to obey the law of God. ANS: B REF: p. 45 104. Which of these is NOT a true statement about the fate of Anne Hutchinson? a. She was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for her beliefs. b. She was pregnant when she headed with her family for Rhode Island. c. She and most of her family members were killed by Indians in New York. d. John Winthrop saw "God's hand" in her fate. e. She preached to fellow residents of Salem. ANS: E REF: p. 45-46 105. All of the following were true of Roger Williams except a. he was a personable and popular Salem minister. b. he was not a Separatist and advocated reconciliation with the Church of England. c. aided by Indians, he fled the Puritan community and established Rhode Island in 1636. d. he challenged the legality of the Bay Colony's charter. e. he denied the authority of the civil government to regulate religious behavior. ANS: B REF: p. 46 106. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams a. established religious freedom for all but Jews and Catholics. b. supported some types of special privileges. c. established complete religious freedom for all. d. demanded attendance at worship. e. became a very wealthy man. ANS: C REF: p. 46 107. Roger Williams' beliefs included all of the following except a. breaking away from the Church of England. b. demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs. c. condemning the taking of Indian land without fair compensation. d. denying the authority of the civil government to regulate religious matters. e. challenging the legality of Massachusetts Bay's charter. ANS: B REF: p. 46 108. As a colony, Rhode Island became known for a. its poor treatment of Indians. b. unified religious beliefs. c. support of special privilege. d. never having secured a charter from Parliament. e. individualistic and independent attitudes. ANS: E REF: p. 46 109. Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which a. marked the beginning of the colony of Connecticut. b. established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens. c. set up a military alliance in New England. d. pleased King Charles I. e. supported a government controlled by all people. ANS: B REF: p. 46 110. The Puritans who founded the city of New Haven had a goal of a. establishing it in tribute to Charles II. b. creating a haven for Quakers and other religious refugees. c. maintaining a democratic government controlled by its citizens. d. becoming self-supporting and prosperous in the fishing and fur trades. e. setting up an even closer church-state alliance than in Massachusetts. ANS: E REF: p. 46 111. After the Pequot War, Puritan efforts to convert Indians to Christianity can best be described as a. vigorous but unsuccessful. b. more zealous than those made by Catholics, but still unsuccessful. c. filling "praying towns" with hundreds of Indians. d. feeble, not equaling that of the Spanish or the French. e. very successful. ANS: D REF: p. 48 112. The New England Indians' only hope for resisting English encroachment lay in a. acquiring English muskets. b. enlisting the aid of the French. c. intertribal unity against the English. d. building fortifications. e. allying themselves with the Dutch. ANS: C REF: p. 48 113. King Philip's War resulted in all of the following except a. the lasting defeat of New England's Indians. b. the immediate westward march of English settlement in New England. c. the death of hundreds of colonists and many more Indians. d. the destruction of 12 Puritan towns. e. the beheading of Wampanoag Chief Metacom and the sale of his wife and son into slavery ANS: B REF: p. 48 114. During the early years of colonization in the New World, England a. closely controlled its colonies. b. maintained an excellent relationship with the Indians. c. paid little attention to its colonies. d. made sure all the colonies had royal charters. e. began the importation of African slaves in large numbers. ANS: C REF: p. 48 115. The New England Confederation a. included all the New England colonies. b. was designed to bolster colonial defense. c. led the American colonies to seek independence from England. d. was created by the English government to streamline its administration of the colonies. e. was an economic and trade alliance. ANS: B REF: p. 48 116. The Dominion of New England a. included all the New England colonies. b. was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies. c. was designed to bolster colonial defense. d. eventually included New York and east and west New Jersey. e. All of these ANS: E REF: p. 49 117. As the head of Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros was all of the following except a. an able military man. b. conscientious. c. a Puritan. d. tactless. e. a leader who restricted the press. ANS: C REF: p. 49 118. As a result of England's Glorious Revolution a. the Dominion of the New World collapsed. b. Sir Edmund Andros gained control over Massachusetts. c. Massachusetts regained its original charter. d. opposition to English rule in the colonies subsided. e. James II regained his legitimate right to the crown. ANS: A REF: p. 50 119. As a result of Sir Edmund Andros's rule a. the power of town meetings was curbed. b. officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws. c. taxes were levied without the consent of elected representatives. d. smuggling was suppressed. e. All of these ANS: E REF: p. 50 120. New York was a. the best advertised of all the colonies. b. designed as a Quaker refuge. c. originally founded by the Dutch. d. a major contributor to political democracy and religious tolerance in the English colonies. e. the last of the middle colonies to be established. ANS: C REF: p. 50 121. The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York) a. allowed only Dutch immigrants to settle there. b. was established for its quick profit of fur trading. c. tolerated Quakers from nearby Pennsylvania. d. supported free speech and other democratic practices. e. All of these ANS: B REF: p. 50 122. New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both a. were established by joint-stock companies. b. experienced slow population growth. c. had ethnically mixed populations. d. were founded as religious refuges. e. had poor soil. ANS: C REF: p. 51 123. All of the following were characteristics of New Netherland except a. New England immigrants made up half its population of 10,000 in 1664. b. its development was not a priority of the Dutch. c. it took on an aristocratic tint, including feudal estates known as patroonships. d. its main seaport city was the cosmopolitan New Amsterdam, e. it was established by the Dutch East India Company. ANS: E REF: p. 50-52 124. When the English gained control over New Netherland a. the autocratic spirit survived. b. democracy replaced the old autocratic system. c. the colony grew quickly. d. new leaders distributed land grants in a more democratic fashion. e. they did so with great bloodshed. ANS: A REF: p. 52 125. One of the traits that made Quakers unpopular in England was a. their refusal to do military service. b. the high pay given their clergy. c. their support of slavery. d. their violent treatment of their enemies. e. their refusal to hold public office. ANS: A REF: p. 53 126. The physical growth of English New York was slowed because a. of the Indian threat. b. of an unhealthy climate. c. the Dutch engaged in guerrilla warfare. d. of the monopolistic land policies of the aristocrats. e. of the French threat. ANS: D REF: p. 53 127. Pennsylvania was the a. best advertised. b. most lied about. c. slowest to attract settlers. d. only settlement with royal colony status. e. All of these ANS: A REF: p. 54 128. Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be best described as a. extremely harsh. b. bad at first but improving later. c. influenced mainly by the state-supported church. d. fair. e. None of these ANS: D REF: p. 54 129. All of the following are true statements about Quakers except a. they were shrewd businessmen. b. they built simple meetinghouses and believed they were all children in the sight of God. c. they advocated passive resistance and turning the other cheek against their enemies. d. they swore solemn oaths of faith and devotion. e. they trusted Indians in Pennsylvania as babysitters. ANS: D REF: p. 53-55 130. Economically, the colony of Pennsylvania a. got off to a very slow start. b. never prospered. c. received much help from New York. d. became profitable very quickly. e. had extensive plantations. ANS: D REF: p. 55 131. All the middle colonies were a. founded by proprietors. b. established by joint-stock companies. c. notable for their fertile soil. d. intended as religious havens. e. dependent on slave labor. ANS: C REF: p. 55 132. The middle colonies were notable for their a. lack of good river transportation. b. unusual degree of democratic control. c. lack of industry. d. status as the least "American" of the colonies. e. established churches. ANS: B REF: p. 55 | p. 57 133. Recently, historians have increasingly viewed the colonial period as one a. in which the Puritans had been overlooked. b. of contact and adaptation between European and native populations. c. in which the settlement of the Caribbean has been stressed too much. d. in which economic ambition was the main reason all colonists came. e. All of these ANS: B REF: p. 57 134. The section of the American colonies where there was the greatest internal conflict was a. New England. b. the Deep South. c. the western frontier. d. the middle colonies. e. the southwest. ANS: D REF: p. 58 135. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by a. encounters with native people. b. European heritage. c. many intertwining roots. d. American heritage. e. All of these ANS: E REF: p. 57-58 136. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) restoration of Charles II to the English throne, (B) English Civil War, (C) Glorious Revolution, and (D) Protestant Reformation. a. D, B, A, C b. C, A, B, D c. D, C, B, A d. B, C, A, D e. A, B, C, D ANS: A REF: p. 41 | p. 48 | p. 50 137. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) great Puritan migration, (B) founding of Plymouth Colony, (C) Protestant Reformation, and (D) founding of Rhode Island. a. A, B, D, C b. C, B, A, D c. C, A, B, D d. B, D, A, C e. D, A, C, B ANS: B REF: p. 41-43 | p. 46 138. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of (A) New York, (B) Massachusetts Bay, (C) Pennsylvania, and (D) Plymouth. a. C, B, A, D b. B, D, C, A c. A, C, D, B d. D, B, A, C e. A, C, B, D ANS: D REF: p. 43 | p. 50 | p. 53 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 139. John Calvin believed in a. predestination. b. conversion. c. the elect. d. antinomianism. e. divinity of Mary. ANS: A, B, C REF: p. 41 140. Puritans a. were Calvinists. b. thought that the Church of England should be open to all comers. c. especially attracted England's economically depressed. d. thought that the Protestant Reformation was bringing too much change too quickly. e. supported the Separatists. ANS: A, C REF: p. 42 141. Separatists a. were radical Puritans. b. were also known as Pilgrims. c. authored the Mayflower Compact. d. sought to reform the Church of England from within. e. were led by John Winthrop. ANS: A, B, C REF: p. 47-48 142. The New England colonies included a. Massachusetts Bay. b. New York. c. Connecticut. d. Rhode Island. e. Pennsylvania. ANS: A, C, D REF: p. 42-43 143. Roger Williams got into trouble with Massachusetts Bay authorities because he a. questioned the legality of the Massachusetts Bay charter. b. advocated Roman Catholicism. c. claimed that the colony's civil government should not regulate religious behavior. d. claimed to have had a direct revelation from God. e. wanted to leave the colony. ANS: A, C REF: p. 46 144. Factors leading to the first major European migration include a. a population explosion. b. economic depression. c. better quality oceangoing vessels. d. religious repression. e. the use of African slaves. ANS: A, B, D REF: p. 41-42 145. The Pequot War of 1637 resulted in a. the abolition of Indian "praying towns." b. the virtual annihilation of the Pequots. c. four decades of uneasy peace between the Puritans and the Indians. d. praise for the colonists from people in England for having dealt effectively with the Indians. e. better relations with the remaining Indians. ANS: B, C REF: p. 47-48 146. Pennsylvania a. introduced an unusually liberal land policy that attracted a heavy flow of immigrants. b. had fertile soil that produced surplus grain for export. c. was first settled by small colonies of Swedes. d. was founded with the intention of making a profit. e. was named after William Penn. ANS: A, B, D REF: p. 54-55 ESSAY 147. Compare and contrast the motives of their founders, religious and social orientation, economic pursuits, and political developments of two of the early colonial settlement areas. South New England Middle ANS: Student answers will vary. 148. Analyze the extent to which the government of Massachusetts Bay was simultaneously theocratic, democratic, oligarchic, and authoritarian. ANS: Student answers will vary. 149. Compare and contrast the Confederation of New England and the Dominion of New England. Be sure to cite the date of the founding, state the reasons for their creation, describe how they functioned and what they accomplished, and explain why they were ultimately abandoned. ANS: Student answers will vary. 150. To what extent were the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay religious fanatics? ANS: Student answers will vary. 151. State and explain your position on whether or not political authority should be used to enforce a particular view of morality. Then explain why you would or would not have been in favor of banishing Roger Williams and/or Anne Hutchinson from Massachusetts Bay. ANS: Student answers will vary. 152. Construct a definition of Puritanism using the concepts of predestination, calling, covenant, Protestant ethic, and conversion. ANS: Student answers will vary. 153. Which of the New England or middle colonies would you have preferred to live in? Explain your answer by discussing your selection's social, economic, political, religious, and ethnic characteristics. ANS: Student answers will vary. 154. In your opinion, which three of the twelve colonies founded in the seventeenth century made the most significant contributions to the perennial American values of democratic self-government, educational opportunity, religious toleration, social plurality, and economic materialism? Explain your choice. ANS: Student answers will vary. 155. Make a list of the motives of English people who migrated to America in the seventeenth century. Rank the items in the list from most important to least important. Then justify your ranking. ANS: Student answers will vary. 156. Write your interpretation of John Winthrop's comment that Massachusetts Bay was to be "as a city upon a hill" and "a beacon to mankind." In your opinion, do Americans still hold this view of their nation's role in the world? Why or why not? ANS: Student answers will vary. 157. Some historians have argued that Puritanism was especially suited for life in the wilderness of seventeenth-century America. Do you agree? Why or why not? ANS: Student answers will vary. 158. To what extent should the colonization of America be understood as the extension of European civilization into the New World, or should it be understood as the gradual development of a uniquely American culture? ANS: Student answers will vary. 159. Assess the validity of the following statement, "Although colonists both north and south were bound together by a common language and a common allegiance to Mother England, they established different patterns of settlement, different economies, different political systems, and even different sets of values." ANS: Student answers will vary. 160. In what ways was the Mayflower Compact a genuine step toward self-government? ANS: Student answers will vary. 161. What did John Winthrop mean when he said, "we shall be as a city upon a hill"? Did the Massachusetts Bay Colony reach this objective? Why or why not? ANS: Student answers will vary. 162. To what extent had the Massachusetts Bay colonists endorsed the idea of the separation of church and state? ANS: Student answers will vary. 163. To what extent was the New England Confederation a first step toward colonial unity? ANS: Student answers will vary. Chapter 6—The Duel for North America, SHORT ANSWER Identify and state the historical significance of the following: 1. Samuel de Champlain ANS: Student answers will vary. 2. William Pitt ANS: Student answers will vary. 3. James Wolfe ANS: Student answers will vary. 4. Edward Braddock ANS: Student answers will vary. 5. Pontiac ANS: Student answers will vary. 6. Louis XIV ANS: Student answers will vary. 7. Benjamin Franklin ANS: Student answers will vary. 8. George Washington ANS: Student answers will vary. Describe and state the historical significance of the following: 9. Huguenots ANS: Student answers will vary. 10. Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ANS: Student answers will vary. 11. Acadians ANS: Student answers will vary. 12. War of Spanish Succession ANS: Student answers will vary. 13. Albany Congress ANS: Student answers will vary. 14. Iroquois ANS: Student answers will vary. 15. New France ANS: Student answers will vary. 16. Proclamation of 1763 ANS: Student answers will vary. 17. Edict of Nantes ANS: Student answers will vary. 18. coureurs de bois ANS: Student answers will vary. 19. Jesuits ANS: Student answers will vary. 20. salutary neglect ANS: Student answers will vary. 21. War of Jenkin's Ear ANS: Student answers will vary. 22. Louisbourg ANS: Student answers will vary. 23. Fort Duquesne ANS: Student answers will vary. 24. Fort Necessity ANS: Student answers will vary. COMPLETION Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 25. ____ Quebec ANS: 6 26. ____ New Orleans ANS: 1 27. ____ Great Lakes ANS: 4 28. ____ Montreal ANS: 5 29. ____ Hudson Bay ANS: 3 30. ____ Newfoundland ANS: 7 31. ____ Louisiana ANS: 2 32. ____ Nova Scotia (Acadia) ANS: 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE 33. From 1688 to 1763, America a. stayed out of European wars if possible. b. relied totally on the British for defense. c. started wars in Europe. d. was involved in every world war. e. fought wars on both land and sea. ANS: D REF: p. 98 34. The soldier and explorer whose leadership in establishing French colonies earned him the title "Father of New France" was a. Samuel de Champlain. b. Robert de La Salle. c. Antoine Cadillac. d. Des Moines. e. Edward Vincennes. ANS: A REF: p. 98 35. France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the a. Protestant takeover of the French government. b. end of the religious wars. c. revocation of the Edict of Nantes. d. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. e. Seven Years' War. ANS: B REF: p. 98 36. During the early settlement of Quebec, French-Indian relations a. proved to be friendly and peaceful. b. led to France's lasting alliance with the Iroquois. c. were marked by tension and violence with the Hurons. d. meant an alliance with the Hurons that inspired the lasting hatred of the Iroquois. e. angered the British. ANS: D REF: p. 98 37. Government in New France (Canada) was a. almost completely autocratic. b. democratic. c. similar to that of the English colonies. d. noted for its trial by jury. e. free from the king's control. ANS: A REF: p. 98-99 38. Unlike the English colonies in America, in New France a. there were no popularly elected assemblies. b. the crown refused to promote the welfare of French colonization. c. the population grew very rapidly. d. no valuable resources for exploitation existed. e. the colonists practiced religious toleration. ANS: A REF: p. 99 39. The population in Catholic New France grew very slowly because a. French peasants had no economic motive to move to the colonies. b. the Protestant Huguenots refused to move there. c. the French government was more concerned with its South American colonies. d. disease took a heavy toll on New France's inhabitants. e. of constant attacks by the Huron Indians. ANS: A REF: p. 99 40. The coureurs de bois were a. French soldiers. b. French boatmen. c. Catholic priests. d. French farmers. e. French fur trappers. ANS: E REF: p. 99 41. The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was a. farming. b. fishing. c. mining. d. fur trapping. e. rum manufacturing. ANS: D REF: p. 99 42. The Indians suffered from their association with the French in New France in all of the following ways except a. exclusion from the fur business. b. decimation of their numbers by the white man's diseases. c. violation of their religious beliefs about slaughtering animals. d. debauchery by the white man's alcohol. e. weakening of their traditional way of life. ANS: A REF: p. 99 43. The Jesuit priests, despite their initial failure in gaining converts, played a vital role because a. of the many converts to Catholicism. b. of the health care they provided. c. they made peace with the Indians. d. they encouraged the Indians to participate in the fur trade. e. of their exploration and work as geographers. ANS: E REF: p. 100 44. The French wanted to control Louisiana because they a. liked its climate. b. wanted to keep the area unfortified. c. would then control the mouth of the Mississippi River. d. feared Dutch expansion into the territory. e. saw it as a dumping ground for undesirables. ANS: C REF: p. 100 45. French motives in the New World included the desire to a. establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops. b. convert Indians to Protestantism. c. compete with Spain for an empire in America. d. provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle. e. compete with Portugal for an empire in America. ANS: C REF: p. 100 46. The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the a. large number of troops committed by both sides. b. lack of Indian participation. c. carryover of European tactics to America. d. use of primitive guerrilla warfare. e. advanced technology used during the warfare. ANS: D REF: p. 101 47. During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with a. a large military presence for protection. b. decades of salutary neglect. c. higher taxes passed by Parliament. d. stronger parliamentary direction. e. representative seats in the British Parliament. ANS: B REF: p. 101 48. The War of Jenkins's Ear was a. fought in European waters. b. a great victory for Spain. c. confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia. d. the event that established the policy of salutary neglect. e. a defeat for France. ANS: C REF: p. 102 49. All of the following are true about the War of Jenkins's Ear except a. it resulted in France allying itself with Britain. b. it began as a small scuffle between Britain and Spain in America. c. it came to be called King George's War after merging with the War of Austrian Succession in Europe. d. New England recruits invaded New France. e. it resulted in Spain allying itself with Russia against France and Britain. ANS: A REF: p. 102 50. New England colonists were outraged when British diplomats returned ____ to France in 1748. a. Hudson Bay b. Acadia c. Louisbourg d. Newfoundland e. Nova Scotia ANS: C REF: p. 102 51. The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of a. Cape Breton Island. b. the Ohio River Valley. c. the Mississippi River. d. the Great Lakes. e. the St. Lawrence River. ANS: B REF: p. 102 52. The reason Britain needed to control the Ohio Valley was to a. continue its expansion west and block French land-grabbing and influence. b. ensure defeat of the French in the War of Jenkins Ear. c. halt the growth of Spanish imposition in North America. d. secure the Mississippi River and continue pushing further south to control all of Mexico. e. link their Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley. ANS: A REF: p. 102-103 53. The reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to a. stop Spain from extending its empire. b. help win the War of Jenkins's Ear. c. stop the Indian attacks on its outposts. d. link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley. e. be able to put more of its settlers there in order to increase farm production. ANS: D REF: p. 102-103 54. In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington a. won a decisive and hard-fought battle at Fort Duquesne. b. was defeated at Fort Necessity but was allowed to retreat. c. received strong support from the British. d. helped to force the French out of Nova Scotia. e. turned his twenty years of military experience to great success. ANS: B REF: p. 103 55. The Seven Years' War was also known in America as a. the War of Jenkins's Ear. b. the French and Indian War. c. the War of the Austrian Succession. d. King William's War. e. Queen Anne's War. ANS: B REF: p. 104 56. All of the following were allies on one side of the French and Indian War except a. France. b. Prussia. c. Spain. d. Austria. e. Russia. ANS: B REF: p. 104 57. In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans a. functioned as a unified fighting force. b. received more support from France than Britain. c. demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity. d. were not involved in combat. e. rarely involved Indians in the fighting. ANS: C REF: p. 104 58. The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to a. request the help of the British military. b. keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British. c. prevent the French from attacking American outposts. d. support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia. e. block British efforts to take control of New York City. ANS: B REF: p. 105 59. Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the Seven Years' War a. won the British territorial concessions. b. united British colonists in strong support of the mother country. c. was fought initially on the North American continent. d. did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England. e. resulted in a stronger French presence in North America. ANS: C REF: p. 104 60. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity; (B) General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne; (C) British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War; and (D) General James Wolfe's army defeats Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham. a. B, A, D, C b. A, B, C, D c. C, B, A, D d. A, C, B, D e. A, B, D, C ANS: B REF: p. 103-108 61. The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to a. achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat. b. propose independence of the colonies from Britain. c. declare war on the Iroquois tribe. d. prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies. e. gain peace with France. ANS: A REF: p. 106 62. Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette his most famous cartoon of the colonial era, a disjointed snake, which a. promoted the idea that America, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would be cut apart and die. b. promoted the idea that if the colonies did not stand united against France, they would fall apart and die. c. argued that the British would cut apart the French (like the snake) once the Albany Plan was accepted. d. implied that the French was like the snake, waiting to be cut apart by the Albany Plan. e. promoted the idea that the French, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would join forces with the British and be united, unlike the disjointed snake. ANS: B REF: p. 106 63. Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because a. it did not provide for the common defense. b. the British approved it. c. it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies. d. they did not feel that they had been well represented at the Albany Congress. e. it placed too much power in the hands of local governments. ANS: C REF: p. 106 64. As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne a. the British controlled the frontier. b. George Washington was left without a military command. c. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack. d. General Braddock was forced to leave the military. e. the British called off their planned invasion of Canada. ANS: C REF: p. 106 65. The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the Seven Years' War a. resulted in victory for Britain. b. concentrated on Quebec and Montreal. c. followed sound strategic planning. d. ended in defeat. e. resulted in British control of the St. Lawrence River. ANS: D REF: p. 106 66. When William Pitt became prime minister during the Seven Years' War, he a. ended Parliament's practice of reimbursing the colonies for their war-related expenditures. b. ordered a full-scale assault on the French West Indies. c. relied heavily on the older, more cautious generals in the British Army. d. focused his military strategy on the Quebec-Montreal area. e. remained popular with the wealthy but not the poor. ANS: D REF: p. 106 67. The 1759 Battle of Quebec a. had little impact on the Seven Years' War. b. was a key turning point in Queen Anne's War. c. was a dramatic victory for the French. d. ended the war of French succession. e. ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history. ANS: E REF: p. 107 68. In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years' War a. France surrendered to Great Britain all of its territorial claims to North America. b. England turned Florida over to Spain. c. Spain ceded all of Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Britain. d. France lost all its valuable sugar islands in the West Indies. e. the British got all of Canada except Nova Scotia. ANS: A REF: p. 107 69. As a result of the Seven Years' War, Great Britain a. gained control of Louisiana. b. became the dominant power in North America. c. annexed the island of Cuba. d. gained exclusive control of the slave trade. e. All of these ANS: B REF: p. 107 70. For the American colonies, the Seven Years' War a. ended the myth of British invincibility. b. left them in need of experienced officers. c. offered the opportunity to grow closer to the British. d. gave them the opportunity to finally gain control of Mississippi. e. helped improve relations between Britain and the colonies. ANS: A REF: p. 107 71. Colonists emerged from the French and Indian War a. more loyal to Britain than ever. b. more confident in their military strength. c. with the respect of the British government. d. with increased authority to govern themselves. e. solidly allied with Native Americans. ANS: B REF: p. 107 72. During the Seven Years' War a. colonial militiamen were impressed with the seeming invincibility of the British regulars. b. British officers roundly praised the skillful fighting ability of colonial troops. c. British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials. d. the colonists lost confidence in their own military capability. e. all American trade with Spain and France ended. ANS: C REF: p. 108 73. Which of these statements does NOT describe relations between British and colonial troops during the Seven Years' War? a. The British looked down on the colonists as amateurish and contemptible. b. The colonists considered themselves to be on the cutting edge of British civilization. c. The British were dismayed by American shippers trafficking goods to enemy ports of the Spanish and French. d. All colonists freely donated money and men to the cause. e. the British refused to recognize any American militia commission above the rank of captain. ANS: D REF: p. 108-109 74. With the end of the Seven Years' War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies a. continued without change. b. began to melt somewhat. c. finally came to a complete end. d. resulted in renewed acts of violence. e. None of these ANS: B REF: p. 109 75. The disunity that existed in the colonies before the Seven Years' War can be attributed to all of the following except a. the enormous distances between the colonies. b. geographical barriers like rivers. c. conflicting religions. d. varied nationalities. e. contempt for the British government. ANS: E REF: p. 109 76. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when a. its fishing industry faltered. b. farming proved to be unprofitable. c. King Louis XIV died. d. it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763. e. it could not entice enough settlers to America. ANS: D REF: p. 109 77. With the British and American victory in the Seven Years' War a. the American colonies grew closer to Britain. b. Americans now feared the Spanish. c. a new spirit of independence arose, as the French threat disappeared. d. the Indians were stopped from ever again launching a deadly attack against whites. e. the British no longer retaliated against the Indians. ANS: C REF: p. 109 78. In a sense, the history of the United States began with the a. Revolutionary War. b. July 4, 1776, signing of the Declaration of Independence. c. Boston Tea Party. d. founding of the first colony in 1607. e. fall of Quebec and Montreal. ANS: E REF: p. 109 79. For Indians, the Treaty of Paris that ended the Seven Years' War a. safeguarded their lands from further encroachment by colonists. b. eliminated their ability to play off rival European powers against each other. c. forced the Indians to negotiate exclusively with the Spanish. d. pushed them onto reservations. e. None of these ANS: B REF: p. 109 80. With the defeat of Chief Pontiac and his alliance, the British decided to a. stabilize Indian-white relations. b. let the colonists assume financial responsibility for defending themselves. c. remove troops stationed in the colonies. d. enlist the aid of France to halt the Indian menace. e. open land west of the Appalachian mountains to settlement. ANS: A REF: p. 111 81. Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because a. the British were weak as a result of the Seven Years' War. b. the British had deliberately infected Indians with smallpox. c. of the Proclamation of 1763. d. the Indians were in a precarious position. e. the French government had promised to help. ANS: D REF: p. 110-111 82. The Proclamation of 1763 was designed mainly to a. oppress the colonists. b. punish the Indians. c. show the power of Parliament. d. allow western settlement by the colonists. e. work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem. ANS: E REF: p. 111 83. In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763 a. American colonists obeyed the law they hated. b. relations with France improved. c. relations between the American colonies and the British government improved. d. the American colonies believed their destiny had been destroyed. e. American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation. ANS: E REF: p. 111 84. The Proclamation of 1763 a. was warmly received by American land speculators. b. removed the Spanish and Indian menace from the colonial frontier. c. declared war on Chief Pontiac and his fierce warriors. d. prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. e. opened Canada to American settlement. ANS: D REF: p. 111 ESSAY 85. Compare and contrast the French colonies in North America with their British and Spanish counterparts. Consider, for example, location, timing, economy, political organization, and religious influences. ANS: Student answers will vary. 86. Why did the Ohio Valley become the arena of conflict between the French and British in America? ANS: Student answers will vary. 87. Write your definition of world war. Then use this definition to argue that the Seven Years' War was or was not a world war. ANS: Student answers will vary. 88. Write your definition of nationalism. Then use this definition to argue that the Seven Years' War was or was not a nationalizing experience for colonial Americans. ANS: Student answers will vary. 89. Identify which of the following contributed most to the British victory in the Seven Years' War: the leadership of William Pitt, the aid of American colonists, or the skill of the British regulars? Justify your choice. ANS: Student answers will vary. 90. The Seven Years' War has been called the "Great War for Empire." Assess the validity of the claim. ANS: Student answers will vary. 91. To what extent did the Seven Years' War help cause the American Revolutionary War? ANS: Student answers will vary. 92. Suppose that the French had won the Seven Years' War. What do you think would have been the consequences for the British colonies in America in both the short and long run? ANS: Student answers will vary. 93. What did Benjamin Franklin mean when he said, "all people agreed on the need for union, but their 'weak noodles' were 'perfectly distracted' when they attempted to agree on details"? ANS: Student answers will vary. 94. Compare and contrast the reasons for unity and the reasons for disunity in the American colonies before and after the Seven Years' War. ANS: Student answers will vary. 95. What was the Proclamation of 1763-how was it viewed by America and how was it viewed by England? What caused this difference in perception? ANS: Student answers will vary.