MU NURS 615: Advanced Pharm - Exam 4 with complete solution graded A+

What is tiotropium? - (Spiriva) Tiotropium bromide (INN) is a long-standing, 24 hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (COPD). What is tiotropium used for maintenance treatment of? - COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Tiotropium - is not used in the treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD and bronchitis Tiotropium - is a muscarinic receptor antagonist, often referred to as an antimuscarinic or anticholingeric agent. What are the adverse effects of montelukast (Singulair)? - Side effects of Singular can include skin rash, mood changes, tremors, h/a, stomach pain, heartburn, upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, tooth pain, tiredness, fever, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and hoarseness. Singular may interact with phenobarbital or rifampin. What patient teaching should accompany the prescription of montelukast (Singulair)? - It will not work fast enough to treat an asthma attack that has already begun. Use only a fast-acting inhalation medicine to treat an asthma attack. Singulair should not be used for exercised- induced - bronchoconstriction Singulair can lead to what mood changes? - anxiety, depression, or thoughts of suicide or of hurting yourself What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids? - They should be taken 2x a day every day for the use of prevention of asthma. Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush.What ethnic background should not be prescribed long-acting beta agonists? - African Americans, increased incidence of death in this population What medication would you prescribe for bronchospasm for a patient taking propranolol? - Ipratropium What is the mechanism of action of albuterol? - Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta 2 receptors with little effect on heart rate, causing dilation of airways. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids? - Extremely potent vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory activity. When is it appropriate to use a short acting beta agonist? - Short acting beta 2 agonist (SABAs) are the drug of choice for acute treatment of asthma symptoms and exacerbations. What is the mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic receptor antagonist? - Atropine (the prototype of muscarinic receptor antagonists) prevents the effects of ACh by competitively blocking its binding to muscarinic receptors in the CNS, peripheral ganglia, and at neuroeffector sites on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and secretory glands. What inhibits the secretions of the nose, mouth, pharynx, and bronchi and thus causes dryness of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. - Atropine