Biochemistry, Cell Structure & Function, Cell Transportation with correct answers 23-24

Biochemistry, Cell Structure & Function, Cell Transportation Cytoplasm - correct answer the semi-fluid material inside the cell. Cytoskeleton - correct answer consists of microtubules and microfilaments that provide a structural network / framework for the cell and its organelles. Nucleus - correct answer Control center of the cell that contains DNA and the Nucleolus Ribosomes - correct answer protein manufacturers. Made of RNA and protein. Some are in the cytoplasm while others are attached to endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer where many ribosomes are located and proteins are produced Golgi Apparatus - correct answer the Fedex of the cell. Made up of flattened tubes that take proteins and package them in vesicles to move around or out of the cell Vacuoles - correct answer Pants have one large one while animals may or may not contain a small one. This is the storage unit of the cell. Lysosomes - correct answer The "clean up crew". Contain digestive substances that break down old cell parts, bacteria and viruses Centrioles - correct answer are microtubules located in the cytoplasm of the cell near the nucleus that aid in cell division Mitochondria - correct answer convert food particles to usable energy. Inner folded membrane provides large surface area for this breakdown to take place. Cholorplasts - correct answer A type of plastid that captures and converts sunlight into chemical energy. thylakoids - correct answer stacked discs filled with chlorophyll where sunlight is captured for photosynthesis Cell Wall - correct answer Rigid mesh of fibers (cellulose) in plants that gives plants rigidity and structure Cilia - correct answer They work to move the organism in space and or move things along the surface of an organism. Short projections and numerous along the cell Dynamic Equilibrium - correct answer equal distribution of dissolved particles throughout the solution Facilitated diffusion - correct answer occurs when particles move through the plasma membrane by way of channel proteins or a carrier proteins Carrier proteins - correct answer change shape as the diffusion process continues to help move the particle through the membrane Channel proteins - correct answer opens and closes to allow the substance to diffuse through the plasma membrane Osmosis - correct answer the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Isotonic - correct answer same concentration of water and solute cells retain normal shape Hypertonic - correct answer more solute outside the cell than inside causes water to move toward the solute and out of the cell cells shrink, plants will wilt Hypotonic - correct answer there is more solute inside the cell than outside causes water to move into the cell towards the solute cell swells, plant tissues become firmer Reactants - correct answer Starting substances on the left side The arrow is read as... - correct answer Reacts to form Products - correct answer Newly formed substances are to the right of the arrow Catalysts - correct answer decrease activation energy, speed up chemical reactions, lowers the activation energy Endothermic Reaction - correct answer A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat Exothermic Reaction - correct answer A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat Enzymes - correct answer Proteins that speed up chemical reactions Monosaccharides - correct answer simple sugars//glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides - correct answer A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. sucrose, lactose, maltose Polysaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides. Starch, glycogen and cellulose Carbohydrates - correct answer Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids - correct answer Energy-rich organic compounds, that are made of carbon, hydrogen Fats, oils, waxes - correct answer Triglyceride - correct answer 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol Carbohydrates are made up of... - correct answer Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Lipids are made up of... - correct answer Carbon & Hydrogen Proteins are made up of... - correct answer Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Nucleic Acids are made up of... - correct answer Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus What are Carbohydrates subcategories - correct answer Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide Carbohydrate examples... - correct answer Fructose, glucose, galatose, Sucrose,Starch, glycogen, cellulose Lipid subcategories - correct answer fats, oils, and waxes, phospholipids,steroids Lipid examples... - correct answer Triglyceride,oil, fat, wax, cholestrol Lipid Functions - correct answer Energy storage in animals Waterproof covering on leaves/stems of plants Precursor for other steroids Protein subcatgories - correct answer amino acids Protein examples - correct answer Keratin Collagen Elastin Silk Enzymes Hemoglobin Protein functions - correct answer Hair, horns, claws Makes skin elastic Spider webs and moth cocoons Guide chemical reactions Transport oxygen within tissues Nucleic Acids examples - correct answer DNA RNA Nucleic Acids functions - correct answer Genetic material of all living cells Transfers information from DNA to proteins Genetic material of some viruses and in living cells Matthias Schleiden observed - correct answer cells in plants Theodor Schwann observed - correct answer cells in animals Rudolph Virchow proposed that - correct answer all cells are made from existing cells all living organisms are - correct answer composed of 1 or more cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms - correct answer Cell All cells come from - correct answer pre existing cells and copies of their genetic material are passed on Compound Light Microscope - correct answer use light and a series of lenses to magnify Compound Light Microscope - correct answer Total magnification is calculated by multiplying the lens strengths Electron Microscope - correct answer Use beams of electrons vs light. Images are in black and white or digitally colored. Scanning Electron microscope - correct answer to see surface of cells in 3D. A beam of electrons is directed over the surface of a specimen Transmission electron microscope - correct answer To see the interior of a cell a beam of electrons is passed through a slice of a specimen. Why is the plasma membrane important... - correct answer allows for nutrients to come into the cell and pushes waste out Diffusion - correct answer the movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration osmosis - correct answer the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Isotonic - correct answer same concentration of water and solute Cells retain normal shape Hypertonic - correct answer more solute outside the cell than inside causes water to move toward the solute and out of the cell cells shrink, plants will wilt Hypotonic - correct answer there is more solute inside the cell than outside causes water to move into the cell towards the solute cell swells, plant tissues become firmer Facilitated diffusion - correct answer occurs when particles move through the plasma membrane by way of channel proteins or a carrier proteins Carrier proteins - correct answer change shape as the diffusion process continues to help move the particle through the membrane Channel proteins - correct answer opens and closes to allow the substance to diffuse through the plasma membrane