Nr507 Week 4 Midterm Exam Solved 2023/2024 (60 Q&A) (100% Verified)

NR 507 Week 4 Midterm / NR507 Week 4 Midterm (Latest): 1. What is the final stage of the infectious process? Spread 2. Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? Bronchus 3. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Surfactant deficiency 4. Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? The cells are well-differentiated. 5. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? Squatting 6. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? IL–1 and IL-6 7. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative 8. Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic? Stiffness 9. Which statement concerning exotoxins is true? Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. 10. What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? 1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) 11. How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved? 180 mgdl 12. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Premature birth 13. Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where? Limbic system 14. Causes of hyperkalemia include: Renal failure and Addison disease 15. Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur? 0 and 1 16. What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia? Hypoxia 17. What is the life span of platelets (in days)? 10 18. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) 19. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 20. The coronary ostia are located in the: Aortic valve 21. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the: Proximal convoluted tubules 22. The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes? Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III) 23. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? IgE 24. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction? I 25. Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? Hypothalamus 26. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome? Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus Atrial septal defect (ASD) 27. What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D? Parathyroid hormone 28. Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? Ventilation 29. Where are antibodies produced? Bone marrow 30. What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children? Iron deficiency 31. In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a: Proto-oncogene 32. Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants? Stasis ulcers of the hands, ankles, and feet 33. What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? 100 to 120 34. Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? Anaplasia 35. Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? B 36. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Atelectasis 37. What is the action of urodilatin? It inhibits salt and water reabsorption. 38. Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? Anemia of chronic disease 39. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? Right-to-left blood shunting 40. What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? Albumin 41. When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected? Genital herpes 42. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? Eosinophils 43. What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? Stimulates antidiuretic hormones. 44. Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: Sympathetic nervous system 45. What is the first stage in the infectious process? Colonization