Intro to CBT
cognitive-behavior therapy is - correct answer a purposeful attempt to preserve the demonstrated
efficiencies of behavior modification within a less doctrinaire context and to incorporate the cognitive
activities of the client in the efforts to produce therapeutic change; it is behavior therapy with cognition
added
What did B.F. Skinner believe? - correct answer B.F. Skinner said you only need to know situations,
responses, and consequences of responses, not cognitions
why was cognitive behavior therapy created? - correct answer CBT was developed because people
thought it was important to not only look at behaviors and responses, but also cognitions, attitudes,
beliefs, etc
basic assumptions of cognitive-behavioral interventions - correct answer 1. the human organism
responds primarily to cognitive representations of its environments
2. most human learning is cognitively mediated
3. thoughts, feelings, and behavior are causally interrelated
4. attitudes, expectancies, attributions, and other cognitive activities are central to producing, predicting,
and understanding psychopathological behavior and the effects of therapeutic interventions
5. cognitive processes can be cast into testable formulations that are easily integrated with behavioral
paradigms, and it is possible and desirable to combine cognitive treatment strategies with enactive
techniques and behavioral contingency management; rewards and punishments
6. the task of the cognitive-behavioral therapist is to act as diagnostician, educator, and technical
consultant who assesses maladaptive cognitive processes and works with the client to design learning
experiences that may remediate dysfunctional cognitions and correlated behavioral and affective
patterns
3 waves of behavior therapy (Hayes, et al. 2006) - correct answer 1st wave- Traditional Behavior Therapy
(1950s-60s-and early 70s)
- Joseph Wolpe wrote Psychotherapy by reciprocal intervention which was a book on behavioral therapy
2nd wave- cognitive-behavior therapy or CBT (1970s onwards)
,3rd wave- contextualistic approaches such as mindfulness and acceptance based CBT (1990s and 2000s);
MBCT, DBT, ACT, MBSR(mindfulness based stress reduction)
- mindfulness focuses on letting the thoughts come and go instead of fighting them like in traditional
CBT
the four major people who are associated with the founding of behavioral therapy - correct answer
Wolpe, Lazarus, Eysenck, and Skinner
eliciting "hot cognitions" in cognitive behavior therapy - correct answer 1. education- teach clients they
can learn to experience their feelings, and to pay attention to intuitive appraisals or fleeting perceptions;
explain the functional and adaptive nature of feelings and their role as signals of the need to problem
solve
2. distinguishing between appraisal and reappraisal- initial, less reflective, less rational appraisal
(intuitive) vs. the more rational reappraisal (eg. I know this is silly or I don't really believe this)
3. vivid reconstructions- use of role-play, dramatizations, and imagery, as well as vivid and metaphorical
language
4. attentional allocation to covert processes- by attending to non-verbal behaviors (e.g.- blushing,
shallow or rapid breathing, facial gestures, hand and body movements)
hot cognitions - correct answer thoughts that activate strong emotions or are directly related to gut
feelings or passionate feelings
importance of skills training - correct answer hot cognitions provide the impetus for clients to learn and
implement new skills
cognitive restructuring - correct answer includes:
1. rational-emotive therapy (RET) (Ellis, 1962)
2. Self-instruction (Meichenbaum, 1974)
3. cognitive therapy (Beck, 1970, 1976)
coping skills therapy - correct answer includes:
1. covert modeling (Cautela, 1971; Kazdin, 1973)
2. coping skills training (Goldfried, 1971)
, 3. anxiety management training (Suinn and Richarson, 1971)
4. stress-inoculation (Meichenbaum, 1975)
problem-solving therapies - correct answer 1. behavioral problem solving (D'Zurilla and Goldfried, 1971)
2. problem-solving therapy (Spivack and Shure, 1974; Spivack et al., 1976)
3. personal science (Mahoney, 1974, 1977)
3 reasons to create an individualized case formulation to guide treatment - correct answer 1. the
formulation provides a systematic method for individualizing the treatment
2. it allows the therapist to take an empirical approach to the treatment of each case
3. it provides assistance during the treatment process
- it also guides the choice of treatment goals, which in turn guides the choice of agenda items in the
therapy session
levels of case formulation in CBT - correct answer 1. the level of the case- an attempt to understand the
entire case as a while, particularly the relationships among the patient's presenting problems and the
schema that appear to underlie many or all of the problems
2. the level of the syndrome or problem- provides a conceptualization of a particular syndrome or
problem (disorder)
3. the level of the situation- contains information about a particular situation and information about the
cognitive, behavioral, and mood components of the patient's reaction to that situation
- the formulation yields intervention suggestions
components of a case formulation - correct answer 1. identifying information
2. problem list
3. diagnosis
4. working hypothesis
5. strengths and assets
6. treatment plan
cognitive-behavior therapy is - correct answer a purposeful attempt to preserve the demonstrated
efficiencies of behavior modification within a less doctrinaire context and to incorporate the cognitive
activities of the client in the efforts to produce therapeutic change; it is behavior therapy with cognition
added
What did B.F. Skinner believe? - correct answer B.F. Skinner said you only need to know situations,
responses, and consequences of responses, not cognitions
why was cognitive behavior therapy created? - correct answer CBT was developed because people
thought it was important to not only look at behaviors and responses, but also cognitions, attitudes,
beliefs, etc
basic assumptions of cognitive-behavioral interventions - correct answer 1. the human organism
responds primarily to cognitive representations of its environments
2. most human learning is cognitively mediated
3. thoughts, feelings, and behavior are causally interrelated
4. attitudes, expectancies, attributions, and other cognitive activities are central to producing, predicting,
and understanding psychopathological behavior and the effects of therapeutic interventions
5. cognitive processes can be cast into testable formulations that are easily integrated with behavioral
paradigms, and it is possible and desirable to combine cognitive treatment strategies with enactive
techniques and behavioral contingency management; rewards and punishments
6. the task of the cognitive-behavioral therapist is to act as diagnostician, educator, and technical
consultant who assesses maladaptive cognitive processes and works with the client to design learning
experiences that may remediate dysfunctional cognitions and correlated behavioral and affective
patterns
3 waves of behavior therapy (Hayes, et al. 2006) - correct answer 1st wave- Traditional Behavior Therapy
(1950s-60s-and early 70s)
- Joseph Wolpe wrote Psychotherapy by reciprocal intervention which was a book on behavioral therapy
2nd wave- cognitive-behavior therapy or CBT (1970s onwards)
,3rd wave- contextualistic approaches such as mindfulness and acceptance based CBT (1990s and 2000s);
MBCT, DBT, ACT, MBSR(mindfulness based stress reduction)
- mindfulness focuses on letting the thoughts come and go instead of fighting them like in traditional
CBT
the four major people who are associated with the founding of behavioral therapy - correct answer
Wolpe, Lazarus, Eysenck, and Skinner
eliciting "hot cognitions" in cognitive behavior therapy - correct answer 1. education- teach clients they
can learn to experience their feelings, and to pay attention to intuitive appraisals or fleeting perceptions;
explain the functional and adaptive nature of feelings and their role as signals of the need to problem
solve
2. distinguishing between appraisal and reappraisal- initial, less reflective, less rational appraisal
(intuitive) vs. the more rational reappraisal (eg. I know this is silly or I don't really believe this)
3. vivid reconstructions- use of role-play, dramatizations, and imagery, as well as vivid and metaphorical
language
4. attentional allocation to covert processes- by attending to non-verbal behaviors (e.g.- blushing,
shallow or rapid breathing, facial gestures, hand and body movements)
hot cognitions - correct answer thoughts that activate strong emotions or are directly related to gut
feelings or passionate feelings
importance of skills training - correct answer hot cognitions provide the impetus for clients to learn and
implement new skills
cognitive restructuring - correct answer includes:
1. rational-emotive therapy (RET) (Ellis, 1962)
2. Self-instruction (Meichenbaum, 1974)
3. cognitive therapy (Beck, 1970, 1976)
coping skills therapy - correct answer includes:
1. covert modeling (Cautela, 1971; Kazdin, 1973)
2. coping skills training (Goldfried, 1971)
, 3. anxiety management training (Suinn and Richarson, 1971)
4. stress-inoculation (Meichenbaum, 1975)
problem-solving therapies - correct answer 1. behavioral problem solving (D'Zurilla and Goldfried, 1971)
2. problem-solving therapy (Spivack and Shure, 1974; Spivack et al., 1976)
3. personal science (Mahoney, 1974, 1977)
3 reasons to create an individualized case formulation to guide treatment - correct answer 1. the
formulation provides a systematic method for individualizing the treatment
2. it allows the therapist to take an empirical approach to the treatment of each case
3. it provides assistance during the treatment process
- it also guides the choice of treatment goals, which in turn guides the choice of agenda items in the
therapy session
levels of case formulation in CBT - correct answer 1. the level of the case- an attempt to understand the
entire case as a while, particularly the relationships among the patient's presenting problems and the
schema that appear to underlie many or all of the problems
2. the level of the syndrome or problem- provides a conceptualization of a particular syndrome or
problem (disorder)
3. the level of the situation- contains information about a particular situation and information about the
cognitive, behavioral, and mood components of the patient's reaction to that situation
- the formulation yields intervention suggestions
components of a case formulation - correct answer 1. identifying information
2. problem list
3. diagnosis
4. working hypothesis
5. strengths and assets
6. treatment plan
